Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Phyllite Samples Based on Chemical (XRF) and Mineralogical Data by XRD

It is presented the results obtained of a multivariate statistical analysis concerning the chemical and phase composition, as a characterization purpose, carried out with 52 rock phyllite samples selected from the provinces of Almería and Granada (SE Spain). Chemical analysis was performed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Crystalline phase analysis was performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and the mineralogical composition was then deduced. Quantification of weight loss (100° and 1000°C) was carried out by thermal analysis. The aims of this investigation were to analyze and compare the chemical and mineralogical composition of all these samples and to find similarities and differences between them to allow a classification. Several correlations between results of the characterization techniques have been also investigated. All the data have been processed using the multivariate statistical analysis method. The XRF macroelements (10) and microelements (39) data generate one macrogroup with two new subgroups (1 and 2), and an isolated sample. In subgroup 1 of macroelements, a positive correlation was found between XRF results and geographic location characterized by lower MgO content, which is associated to its geological origins. When multivariate statistical analysis is applied to results obtained by XRD, two groups appear: the first one with a sample with zero percentage of iron oxide and the second one with the rest of the samples, which is classified in two groups. A correlation is observed between the alkaline content (XRF) and illite (XRD), CaO and MgO with dolomite and indirectly between the weight loss after heating at 1000°C and the contents of phase minerals that lose structural water (illite + chlorite) or carbon dioxide (dolomite). The present investigation has interest and implications for geochemistry and analytical chemistry concerning earth rocks and silicate raw material

Structural and Compositional Investigation of Pottery Samples from Guatemala

Purpose of investigation: The composition and characteristics of Mayan pottery samples from Guatemala was investigated

Particle size and metal distributions in anaerobically digested pig slurry

Particle size distribution and trace element patterns were studied in a full-scale anaerobic digestion plant treating pig slurry. Mass balance was established for major (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mg and S) and minor (Al, Cu, Mn and Zn) elements. Most of the elements were conserved through the process but part of the P, Ca, Mg and Mn was deposited as crystals lining the digester. In the dry matter of the slurry, Cu and Zn occurred at between 170 and 2600 mg kg1 due to pig diet supplements. Analyses of particle size distributions in raw and digested slurries showed a general shift in distribution towards larger sizes due to degradation of small and easily degradable particles as well as formation of large microbial filaments. Graded sieving of digested slurry showed metals to be mainly present on 3–25 lm particles. Less than 2% Cu and Zn was removed by passage through a 250 lm rotary screen

Determination of Honey Geographic Origin According to Its Elemental Composition by the Method of X-ray Fluorescence

The aim of the research was to determine features of the elemental composition of polyfloral honey from the Odessa region (Ukraine) by the method of x-ray fluorescence for using these features in the geographic marking of the region of honey origin. A choice of honey from the Odessa region is explained by its relatively good ecology, optimal maritime climate and enough motley grass resources for gathering nectar by bees. At the same time the Odessa region occupies the fourth place among regions – honey producers in Ukraine with a right to export honey beyond the country with specific weight 10 % from the total export of this product.11 samples of fresh honey and 14 samples of honey, stored during one year were studied as to the content of 22 mineral elements. The elemental analysis of honey was realized on the energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescent spectrometer ElvaX Light SDD. Each sample was studied for 5 times. The obtained results were statistically processed by the standard methodology. The determination distinctness of mass shares of metals is no worse than 0,1 %. Limits of finding admixtures of heavy metals in the light matrix are no worse than 1 ppm. The studies were realized during 2016-2017.It has been established, that lyophilization of honey doesn\u27t essentially influence determination parameters of the elemental composition of honey by the method of x-ray fluorescence. The analysis of energy-dispersive spectrums of mineral elements determined that marker elements for honey from the Odessa region are Cl, K, Ca, that prevail among other studied mineral elements. There has been established the typical intensity of a signal of energy-dispersive spectrums for Cl, K, Ca of honey from the Odessa region that correspond to the following values: for fresh honey Cl from 27075 to 29429; K from 47 296 to 41 546; Ca from 7572 to 6928; for honey, stored during one year: Cl from 40383 to 37044; K from 43 589 to 42 591;Ca from 15495 to 10006. These parameters may serve as markers for honey from the Odessa region. At the same time the obtained results may be used for controlling the quality of natural honey by its element composition for identifying a geographic place of origin

THE GERMANIUM EXTRACTION FROM TECHNOGENIC RAW MATERIALS BY MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS

The results have practical significance and can be the basis for developing a unified biotechnological method of technogenic waste processing with a purpose of their sterilization and detoxification with simultaneous obtaining concentrates of valuable metals

Marketing Studies Of Consumption Preferences At Developing Dietary Products

Results of marketing studies of consumption motivations and preferences at choosing bread for special dietary consumption are presented. It has been established, that 18 % of questioned give advantage to bread with a decreased amount of carbohydrates; 17 % of respondents consume bread without gluten; 13 % give preference to products, including nutrients; 10 % by iodine-containing bread; 7 % and 6 % of questioned give preference to bread with a content of soya and entersorbents. It has been established, that bread with a content of carotene and lecithin is not widely demanded among respondents as 3 % for each one. Studies of % of preferences by flour types in the bread composition allowed to make conclusions that 19 and 17 % of respondents give preference to corn and buckwheat flour due to a higher content of healthy substances, it is also an important advantage that these flour types don't contain cellulose complexes, present in the composition of wheat and barley flour, preferred by 14 and 11 % of questioned, respectively. It has been established by the experimental way, that 20 % of questioned persons feel a lack of bread with an increased content of protein at the market. 15, 12 and 10 % of respondents want widening the assortment of bread with an increased content of macroelements, vitamins and microelements. 13 and 10 % of questioned feel a lack at the market in such physiological-functional ingredients as polyunsaturated fatty acids and products of gluten-free flour. 8 % of respondents want to see in the retail network products with a content of dietary fiber and antioxidants. 9 % feel a lack of bread with a content of probiotics, 3 % of oligosaccharides. Based on the obtained results, there have been determined consumption advantages: a modern consumer gives preference to products with the improved content, usual organoleptic parameters, long storage term, low price. He/she is guided by the following criteria at buying bread: food value, caloric value, prophylactic properties

Evaluation of geochemical peculiarities of mining rocks for ecological restoration of the post-mining landscape

In regions with complex geological history, diversity of climate, soils and parent rocks, it is possible to predict a large number of paths for soils recovery in the areas that have been disturbed by human activit