163,975 research outputs found
Residual analysis methods for space--time point processes with applications to earthquake forecast models in California
Modern, powerful techniques for the residual analysis of spatial-temporal
point process models are reviewed and compared. These methods are applied to
California earthquake forecast models used in the Collaboratory for the Study
of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP). Assessments of these earthquake
forecasting models have previously been performed using simple, low-power means
such as the L-test and N-test. We instead propose residual methods based on
rescaling, thinning, superposition, weighted K-functions and deviance
residuals. Rescaled residuals can be useful for assessing the overall fit of a
model, but as with thinning and superposition, rescaling is generally
impractical when the conditional intensity is volatile. While
residual thinning and superposition may be useful for identifying spatial
locations where a model fits poorly, these methods have limited power when the
modeled conditional intensity assumes extremely low or high values somewhere in
the observation region, and this is commonly the case for earthquake
forecasting models. A recently proposed hybrid method of thinning and
superposition, called super-thinning, is a more powerful alternative.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS487 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
A STUDY OF OUTCOME OF ROSE K LENSES IN KERATOCONUS
Background: Cornea is affected by several distinct disorders that produce marked thinning without significant inflammation. They are keratoconus, posterior keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, and keratoglobus. keratoconus and posterior keratoconus produces central and inferior thinning with ectasia. Materials and Methods: All patients of keratoconus in age group 15 to 60 years at various stages of progression were included this was a prospective study, 20 Eyes of 15 patients of keratoconus in age group of 15 to 60 years at various stages of progression were included in the study. Visual acuity, slit lamp Biomicroscopy was done, corneal topography and Fundus examination was done by both direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy with full dilatation when possible. Results: Subjective score of pre rose k eyes when compared to post rose k lens eye was highly significant, which signifies that the same patient was highly satisfied after wearing rose k lens. Conclusion: Present study observed that, Rose K lenses improved patient's overall quality of life in moderate and advance cases of keratoconus.
KEYWORDS: Keratoconus; Pellucid marginal degeneration; Keratoglobus; rose k lenses
A STUDY OF OUTCOME OF ROSE K LENSES IN KERATOCONUS
Background: Cornea is affected by several distinct disorders that produce marked thinning without significant inflammation. They are keratoconus, posterior keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, and keratoglobus. keratoconus and posterior keratoconus produces central and inferior thinning with ectasia. Materials and Methods: All patients of keratoconus in age group 15 to 60 years at various stages of progression were included this was a prospective study, 20 Eyes of 15 patients of keratoconus in age group of 15 to 60 years at various stages of progression were included in the study. Visual acuity, slit lamp Biomicroscopy was done, corneal topography and Fundus examination was done by both direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy with full dilatation when possible. Results: Subjective score of pre rose k eyes when compared to post rose k lens eye was highly significant, which signifies that the same patient was highly satisfied after wearing rose k lens. Conclusion: Present study observed that, Rose K lenses improved patient\u27s overall quality of life in moderate and advance cases of keratoconus.
KEYWORDS: Keratoconus; Pellucid marginal degeneration; Keratoglobus; rose k lenses
Critical Casimir force in He films: confirmation of finite-size scaling
We present new capacitance measurements of critical Casimir force-induced
thinning of He films near the superfluid/normal transition, focused on the
region below where the effect is the greatest. He films of
238, 285, and 340 \AA thickness are adsorbed on N-doped silicon substrates with
roughness . The Casimir force scaling function ,
deduced from the thinning of these three films, collapses onto a single
universal curve, attaining a minimum at
. The collapse confirms the finite-size
scaling origin of the dip in the film thickness. Separately, we also confirm
the presence down to of the Goldstone/surface fluctuation force, which
makes the superfluid film thinner than the normal film.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR
"Marginal pinching" in soap films
We discuss the behaviour of a thin soap film facing a frame element: the
pressure in the Plateau border around the frame is lower than the film
pressure, and the film thins out over a certain distance lambda(t), due to the
formation of a well-localized pinched region of thickness h(t) and extension
w(t). We construct a hydrodynamic theory for this thinning process, assuming a
constant surface tension: Marangoni effects are probably important only at late
stages, where instabilitites set in. We find lambda(t) ~ t^{1/4}, and for the
pinch dimensions h(t) ~ t^{-1/2}$ and w(t) ~ t^{-1/4}. These results may play a
useful role for the discussion of later instabilitites leading to a global film
thinning and drainage, as first discussed by K. Mysels under the name
``marginal regeneration''.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
The reliability of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the detection of cartilage abnormalities at the metacarpo-phalangeal joints
SummaryObjectiveTo assess the reliability of ultrasound (US) in detecting cartilage abnormalities at the metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP) joints in people with cartilage pathology.MethodsNine expert ultrasonographers initially achieved consensus on definitions and scanning protocols. They then examined the second to fifth MCP joints of the dominant hand of eight people with hand osteoarthritis (OA). US examinations were conducted in two rounds, with independent blinded evaluations of cartilage lesions. Global cartilage abnormalities were assessed by applying a dichotomous (presence/absence) score; in addition, the following lesions were evaluated using the same scoring system: loss of anechoic structure and/or thinning of the cartilage layer, and irregularities and/or loss of sharpness of at least one cartilage margin. Reliability was assessed using kappa (k) coefficients.ResultsThirty-two joints were examined. Intra-observer k values ranged from 0.52 to 1 for global cartilage abnormalities; k values ranged from 0.54 to 0.94 for loss of anechoic structure and/or thinning of cartilage layer and from 0.59 to 1 for irregularities and/or loss of sharpness of at least one cartilage margin. Values of k for inter-observer reliability were 0.80 for global cartilage abnormalities, 0.62 for loss of anechoic structure and/or thinning of cartilage layer, and 0.39 for irregularities and/or loss of sharpness of at least one cartilage margin.ConclusionUS is a reliable imaging modality for the detection of cartilage abnormalities in patients with cartilage pathology in the MCP joints. The analysis of specific cartilage measures showed more variable results that may be improved by modifying definitions and further standardization of US techniques
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