Potentiometric investigation of the oxidation of ferrous chloride by oxygen

Effect of various catalyzers, hydrochloric acid, and iron chloride concentrations on oxidation rate of bivalent iron ions at room temperatur

Process for the extracting oxygen and iron from iron oxide-containing ores

Oxygen and metallic iron are produced from an iron oxide-containing mineral, such as ilmenite, by extracting iron from the mineral with hydrochloric acid, separating solid residue from the resulting solution and drying same, electrolyzing the separated, iron chloride- containing solution to produce electrolytic iron and chlorine gas, combining the chlorine gas with water recovered from the drying and/or iron chloride-containing solution electrolysis steps of regenerate hydrochloric acid and recycling the hydrochloric acid to the extraction step. In an alternate embodiment, the chlorine gas is reacted with recovered water in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrochloric acid which is recycled to the extraction step, thereby eliminating the need for water electrolysis and a separate hydrochloric acid regeneration step. In another alternate embodiment, electrolysis of the iron chloride-containing solution is operated to produce oxygen instead of chlorine gas at the anode and hydrochloric acid is generated concurrently with plating of iron at the cathode. This hydrochloric acid is recycled to the extraction step, thereby eliminating the need for water electrolysis and a separate hydrochloric acid regeneration step.https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/patents/1089/thumbnail.jp

Spray-gun deposition of catalyst for large area and versatile synthesis of carbon nanotubes

International audienceSpray gun deposition technique was investigated for large area deposition of nano-catalysts. In particular, we studied iron chloride salts solutions as catalyst precursor for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Iron chloride salts are shown to decompose upon thermal annealing into Fe(III) oxide based species that make it suitable for further growth of various carbon nanotube structures. Depending on the spraying process, versatile synthesis of 2-D single-walled carbon nanotube network as well as vertically aligned carbon nanotubes arrays on functional substrates can be achieved. Such simple process for the preparation of CNT-based architecture opens new perspectives in the field of thin-film transistor and nanostructured electrodes

Negative electrode catalyst for the iron chromium redox energy storage system

A redox cell which operates at elevated temperatures and which utilizes the same two metal couples in each of the two reactant fluids is disclosed. Each fluid includes a bismuth salt and may also include a lead salt. A low cost, cation permselective membrane separates the reactant fluids

Combination of Iron Chloride and Polyacrylamide as Coagulant-Flocculants to Remove Pollutants in Dye Wastewater

Dye Industrial developments have been increasing over the years and have created various environmental problems for water resources. This study was carried out in order to reduce the concentration of colour as well as the COD concentration by coagulation (Iron chloride) and flocculation (Polyacrylamide) using a standard jar test apparatus. The coagulation and flocculation processes were completed using Response Surface Methodology – Central Composite Design in order to see the effect of pH on iron chloride and polyacrylamide at optimum conditions. The analysis of zeta potential was done at various pH levels to compare the reduction of COD and colourant at various levels. Further analysis using the sludge produced included measuring for phytotoxicity using Lactuca sativa seeds. The treatment showed the highest colour removal with 95% (31 pt. co) and 92.0 % (42 mg/ L) COD reduction at pH conditions of around 5.4, 375 mg/ L of coagulant and 28 mg/ L of flocculant. Charge neutralization occurred when the pH moved to acidic region of 4-6. It was found that pH significantly influenced Iron chloride and Polyacrylamide for both responses (colour and COD). The phytotoxicity assessment indicated the mortality rate is increased with an increase in sludge concentration. Results revealed that FeCl3PAM at 100% undiluted dye sludge recorded the highest mortality rate

Study to establish cost predictions for the production of Redox chemicals

The chromium and iron chloride chemicals are significant first costs for NASA Redox energy storage systems. This study was performed to determine the lowest cost at which chromium and iron chlorides could be obtained for a complex of redox energy storage systems. In addition, since the solutions gradually become intermixed during the course of operation of Redox units, it was an objective to evaluate schemes for regeneration of the operating solutions. Three processes were evaluated for the production of chromium and iron chlorides. As a basis for the preliminary plant design and economic evaluation, it was assumed that the plant would produce about 25,000 tons of contained chromium as CrCl3 and an equivalent molar quantity of FeCl2. Preliminary plant designs, including materials and energy balances and sizing of major equipment, were prepared, and capital and operating costs were estimated

Electrochemical aspects of the electroforming of iron

The patent literature describing the development of the foil electroforming technology has been reviewed. A review of the literature covering the development of iron plating electrolytes has also been completed. A detailed study of the effects of solution parameters on the conductivity of iron chloride solution and the effect of addition of a number of 'conductivity salts' has been carried out. The operation of a pilot plant for the continuous production of iron foil has. been investigated and the parameters of foil production characterised. Preliminary cathodic polarization studies were made at low current densities on the iron chloride electrolyte showing the effects of temperature on the system. A number of possible materials for use as insoluble anodes have been investigated using anodic polarization to determine· their behaviour in the aggressive hot iron chloride electrolyte environment. The possibility of reducing depassivation of the cathode by the addition of a less aggressive anion was studied but no significant improvement achieved. For a more detailed and controlled study of the hot iron chloride electrolyte, a closed, divided-cell incorporating a rotating-cylinder electrode was designed and constructed to operate near to the boiling polnt.of the electrolyte. The cell enabled a more rigorous-study of the electrolyte to be made as the solution parameters could be better controlled. The concentration of the ferric ion in the solution could be reduced and held constant while other factors could be measured. This system has been used to demonstrate the electrochemical reduction of ferric ion in addition to demonstrating that chemical reduction of the electrolyte was feasible and to study the effect of ferric ion concentration on cathode current efficiency. Control of ferric ion concentration by use of the divided cell has also enabled study of some of the deposition characteristics, the effects of stirring on the deposit and an investigation into the use of surface-active agents in further optimising the electrolyte performance

Electrochemical cell for rebalancing REDOX flow system

An electrically rechargeable REDOX cell or battery system including one of more rebalancing cells is described. Each rebalancing cell is divided into two chambers by an ion permeable membrane. The first chamber is fed with gaseous hydrogen and a cathode fluid which is circulated through the cathode chamber of the REDOX cell is also passed through the second chamber of the rebalancing cell. Electrochemical reactions take place on the surface of insert electrodes in the first and second chambers to rebalance the electrochemical capacity of the anode and cathode fluids of the REDOX system

Surface aspects of pitting and stress corrosion cracking

The pitting and stress corrosion cracking of a stable austenitic stainless steel in aqueous chloride environments were investigated using a secondary ion mass spectrometer as the primary experimental technique. The surface concentration of hydrogen, oxygen, the hydroxide, and chloride ion, magnesium or sodium, chromium and nickel were measured as a function of potential in both aqueous sodium chloride and magnesium chloride environments at room temperature and boiling temperatures. It was found that, under anodic conditions, a sharp increase in the chloride concentration was observed to occur for all environmental conditions. The increase may be associated with the formation of an iron chloride complex. Higher localized chloride concentrations at pits and cracks were also detected with an electron microprobe

Interaction of some extreme-pressure type lubricating compounds with an iron surface

An iron surface was exposed to the extreme-pressure type lubricant benzyl chloride, dichlorophenyl phosphine, dichlorophenyl phosphine sulfide, ophenyl phosphine oxide. Iron, in the sputter-cleaned state, was exposed to these materials statically and during dynamic friction experiments. With benzyl chloride only chlorine adsorbed to the surface, and with dichlorophenyl phosphine no adsorption occurred, while the addition of sulfur to that same molecular structure resulted in the promotion of carbon and chlorine adsorption. substitution of oxygen for sulfur in the dichlorobenzyl phosphine molecule resulted in carbon, chlorine, and oxygen adsorption. With none of the phosphorus containing molecules was phosphorus detected on the surface. Sliding in an atmosphere of benzyl chloride promoted adsorption of chlorine to the iron surface. Increases in load resulted in a decrease in the surface concentration of iron chloride