1,749,018 research outputs found
The relation between problem areas and stages of computer implementation
Although during the last decade the number of computers at secondary schools has increased considerably in many countries, only a small percentage of teachers are using computers for instructional purposes. In the COMPED study principals, computer coordinators and teachers were asked to indicate the obstacles which are hampering the introduction of computers in their school and classroom practice.\ud
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The results which are based on data from France, Japan, the Netherlands and USA, show that the most important problems are: lack of hardware, software, knowledge and time. These problems in implementing computers in education are at the same time the most important reasons why non-users do not use computers for instructional purposes. A comparison between the relative most intensive computer-using schools and the less intensive users shows that both groups have mostly the same problems as mentioned before. Besides, schools with a high level of computer use have more often than other schools overcome organizational problems
Ethics of e-voting: an essay on requirements and values in Internet elections
In this paper, we investigate ethical issues involved in the development and implementation of
Internet voting technology. From a phenomenological perspective, we describe how voting via the
Internet mediates the relation between people and democracy. In this relation, trust plays a major
role. The dynamics of trust in the relation between people and their world forms the basis for our
analysis of the ethical issues involved. First, we consider established principles of voting,
confirming the identity of our democracy, which function as expectations in current experiments
with online voting in the Netherlands. We investigate whether and how Internet voting can meet
these expectations and thereby earn trust, based on the experiments in the Netherlands. We identify
major challenges, and provide a basis for ethical and political discussion on these issues, especially
the changed relation between public and private. If we decide that we want to vote via the Internet,
more practical matters come into play in the implementation of the technology. The choices
involved here are discussed in relation to the mediating role of concrete voting technologies in the
relation between citizen and state
Ginsparg-Wilson fermions: practical aspects and applications
I review recent progress in the implementation of lattice fermions satisfying
the Ginsparg-Wilson relation and some physical applications.Comment: 6 pages, Talk at Lattice 2001(plenary
Combining centralised and distributed testing
Many systems interact with their environment at distributed interfaces (ports) and sometimes it is not possible to place synchronised local testers at the ports of the system under test (SUT). There are then two main approaches to testing: having independent local testers or a single centralised tester that interacts asynchronously with the SUT. The power of using independent testers has been captured using implementation relation \dioco. In this paper we define implementation relation \diococ for the centralised approach and prove that \dioco and \diococ are incomparable. This shows that the frameworks detect different types of faults and so we devise a hybrid framework and define an implementation relation \diocos for this. We prove that the hybrid framework is more powerful than the distributed and centralised approaches. We then prove that the Oracle problem is NP-complete for \diococ and \diocos but can be solved in polynomial time if we place an upper bound on the number of ports. Finally, we consider the problem of deciding whether there is a test case that is guaranteed to force a finite state model into a particular state or to distinguish two states, proving that both problems are undecidable for the centralised and hybrid frameworks
Investigating and learning lessons from early experiences of implementing ePrescribing systems into NHS hospitals:a questionnaire study
Background: ePrescribing systems have significant potential to improve the safety and efficiency of healthcare, but they need to be carefully selected and implemented to maximise benefits. Implementations in English hospitals are in the early stages and there is a lack of standards guiding the procurement, functional specifications, and expected benefits. We sought to provide an updated overview of the current picture in relation to implementation of ePrescribing systems, explore existing strategies, and identify early lessons learned.Methods: a descriptive questionnaire-based study, which included closed and free text questions and involved both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data generated.Results: we obtained responses from 85 of 108 NHS staff (78.7% response rate). At least 6% (n = 10) of the 168 English NHS Trusts have already implemented ePrescribing systems, 2% (n = 4) have no plans of implementing, and 34% (n = 55) are planning to implement with intended rapid implementation timelines driven by high expectations surrounding improved safety and efficiency of care. The majority are unclear as to which system to choose, but integration with existing systems and sophisticated decision support functionality are important decisive factors. Participants highlighted the need for increased guidance in relation to implementation strategy, system choice and standards, as well as the need for top-level management support to adequately resource the project. Although some early benefits were reported by hospitals that had already implemented, the hoped for benefits relating to improved efficiency and cost-savings remain elusive due to a lack of system maturity.Conclusions: whilst few have begun implementation, there is considerable interest in ePrescribing systems with ambitious timelines amongst those hospitals that are planning implementations. In order to ensure maximum chances of realising benefits, there is a need for increased guidance in relation to implementation strategy, system choice and standards, as well as increased financial resources to fund local activitie
Relation-Changing Logics as Fragments of Hybrid Logics
Relation-changing modal logics are extensions of the basic modal logic that
allow changes to the accessibility relation of a model during the evaluation of
a formula. In particular, they are equipped with dynamic modalities that are
able to delete, add, and swap edges in the model, both locally and globally. We
provide translations from these logics to hybrid logic along with an
implementation. In general, these logics are undecidable, but we use our
translations to identify decidable fragments. We also compare the expressive
power of relation-changing modal logics with hybrid logics.Comment: In Proceedings GandALF 2016, arXiv:1609.0364
Action Refinement as an Implementation Relation
We propose a theory of process refinement which relates behavioural descriptions belonging to conceptually different abstraction levels, through a so-called vertical implementation relation. The theory is based on action refinement, which permits to relate abstract actions of the implementation to concrete computations of the implementation; it is developed in the standard interleaving approach. A number of proof rules is shown to be sound for the particular vertical implementation relation (based on observation congruence) we study in this paper. We give an illustrative example
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