The effects of temperature on hatching and survival of northern rock sole larvae (Lepidopsetta polyxystra)

Northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) is a commercially important flatfish in Alaska and was recently classified as a distinct species from southern rock sole (L. bilineata). Taxonomic and vital rate data for northern rock sole are still not fully described, notably at early egg and larval stages. In this study, we provide new taxonomic descriptions of late-stage eggs and newly hatched larvae, as well as temperature-response models of hatching (timing, duration, success), and larval size-at-hatch and posthatch survival at four temperatures (2°, 5°, 9°, and 12°C). Time-to-first-hatch, hatch cycle duration, and overall hatching success showed a negative relationship with temperature. Early hatching larvae within each temperature treatment were smaller and had larger yolk sacs, but larvae incubated at higher temperatures (9° and 12°C) had the largest yolk reserves overall. Despite having smaller yolks, size-at-hatch and the maximum size achieved during the hatching cycle was highest for larvae reared at cold temperatures (2° and 5°C), indicating that endogenous reserves are more efficiently used for growth at these temperatures. In addition, larvae reared at high temperatures died more rapidly in the absence of food despite having more yolk reserves than cold-incubated larvae. Overall, northern rock sole eggs and larvae display early life history traits consistent with coldwater adaptation for winter spawning in the North Pacific

CONGRUENCE OF THE HATCH FUNDED REGIONAL RESEARCH PORTFOLIO WITH NATIONAL AND REGIONAL RESEARCH PRIORITIES

The major focus of this report is on evaluation of the extent to which the allocation of regional research funding support, particularly the allocation of Hatch Regional Research Funds (RRF), is congruent with national and regional research priorities. Other objectives are to evaluate the appropriate duration of regional research projects and to recommend a process for the selection and development of National Research Projects (NRPs) and National Research Support Projects (NRSPs).Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Performance and Intestinal Condition of Broiler Chicken with Various Body Weight at Hatch When Subjected to Fasting Post-hatch

The research was aimed to determine the performance and intestinal condition of broiler chickens with various body weights (BW) at hatch when subjected to fasting post-hatch. Two hundred and sixteen broiler chickens Cobb aged 12 hours post-hatch and unsexed, were randomly assigned into floor pen, in which each pen filled with six chicks. The research was conducted in a factorial arrangement (3x4) according to completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment combination. The first factor was the BW at hatch i.e. light ((30.1±0.39g), medium ((33.3±0.44g), and heavy (33.3±0.44g). The second factor was the duration of fasting post-hatch (i.e. 24, 36, 48, and 60 h, respectively). Chickens respond on fasting treatment were observed on performance parameters (i.e. feed intake, growth rate, and feed conversion ratio), and intestinal dimension. Heavier chicks at hatch grew better and reached heavier final BW than smaller chicks, and were not influenced by fasting post-hatch. Fasting the chicks more than 48 h post-hatch, reduced the feed intake, retarded the growth, and had smaller intestine during the realimentation period, and these effects were maintained till the end of the experiment. The results of the study revealed that better performance of broiler chickens were achieved when the chicks accessed the feed no longer than 48 h post-hatch

Body Weight Response of Broiler Chicken Subjected to Post-hatched Fasting

The research aimed to assess body weight respons of broiler chickens with various body weights (BW) at hatch when subjected to post-hatched fasting and its subsequent impact on the final body weight. Two hundred and sixteen unsexed broiler chickens, strain Cobb aged 12 hours post-hatch, were randomly assigned into floor pen (six chicks per pen). The research was arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement according to completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment combination. The first factor was the BW at hatch, i.e. light (30.1±0.39g), medium ((33.3±0.44g), and heavy (33.3±0.44g). The second factor was the duration of post-hatched fasting, i.e. 24, 36, 48, and 60 h, respectively. All chickens were weighed at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h post hatch, then at 7 and 35 days of age. Data analysis indicated that the BW of chicken subjected to fasting at 48 to 60 h post-hatch decreased significantly at the rate of 8.6% and 12.5% of the initial body weight, respectively. However, this condition was not related to the initial body weight status of the chicken. Availability of feed after the fasting period was not sufficient to compensate retardation of body weight of the chicken subjected to fasting 48-60 h post-hatch

The effects of broodstock age on consecutive spawning performance of wild-caught ablated Fenneropenaeus

The effects of broodstock age on consecutive spawning performance of wild-caught ablated Fenneropenaeus indicus females in four age groups 6, 8, 12, and 14 months old were studied. Assessment duration was 30 days. Age groups were determined based on carapace length of broodstock caught from Jask fishing ground. Maximum female partnership percentage in consecutive spawning was for 12 months old group. Correlation between egg production and hatch in each spawning with number of spawning in 12 months old broodstock was weaker than other groups but this relation has negative and significant (r = -0.38, P0.05) but others groups had significantly higher hatch rate (P<0.05). In general, 12 month group of wild-caught ablated Fenneropenaeus indicus females showed much higher number of egg produced, hatch percentage, females partnership percentage for 4 spawning in the 30 days period

Biovail v. Hoechst Aktiengesellschaf, Inc: An Analysis Under the Sherman Act and the Noerr-Pennington Doctrine

The Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984 regulates approval by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) of generic counterparts to patented drugs. In a series of recent cases, large pharmaceutical companies have been accused of exploiting Hatch-Waxman in violation of the antitrust laws. In essence, the allegations are concerned with the large pharmaceutical companies that have paid manufacturers not to market inexpensive generic versions of patented drugs, thereby restraining trade and maintaining a monopoly. In the case of Biovail v. Hoechst Aktiengesellschaf, Inc., the generic drug manufacturer, Biovail, sued Hoechst Aktiengesellschaf (“Hoechst”), a pharmaceutical company, for antitrust violations resulting from Biovail’s effort to gain approval from the FDA to market a generic version of Cardizem, a heart drug patented by Hoechst. The claims are that Hoechst unfairly manipulated the Hatch-Waxman Act to prevent Biovail from obtaining FDA approval for a generic counterpart to Cardizem. Even though the defendant Hoechst, may have intended to exclude the plaintiff, Biovail, as competitors, Hoechst will be substantially immune from antitrust liability under the Noerr-Pennington doctrine (“Noerr Immunity”), because Hoechst was acting within its constitutionally protected rights. The Noerr Immunity enjoyed by Hoechst is necessary to insure that the free- competition goals of the antitrust laws do not destroy Hoechst’s right to petition the government, as guaranteed by the First Amendment. Part I of this Comment discusses both the legal framework of the Hatch-Waxman Act as well as Biovail’s claims. Part II analyzes Biovail’s claims with respect to potential violations by Hoechst under section 1 and section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act (the “Sherman Act”). Part III analyzes Hoechst’s immunity under the Noerr Immunity doctrine. This Comment concludes that the Noerr Immunity doctrine protects Hoechst, even if they intended to manipulate the Hatch-Waxman Act

Egg development, hatching rhythm and moult patterns in Paralomos spinosissima (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Lithodidae) from South Georgia waters (Southern Ocean)

Larval release, hatching rhythms and moult patterns were examined in a captive population of the subantarctic lithodid, Paralomis spinosissima from the South Georgia and Shag Rocks region. Larvae hatched throughout the year with the majority of females starting to release larvae at the end of the austral summer and beginning of autumn. Larval release continued over a period of up to 9 weeks with high variability in the numbers that hatched each day. A similar seasonal pattern to hatching was evident in the moulting of females. Intermoult period for two adult females (CL = 63 and 85 mm) ranged from 894 to 1,120 days while an intermoult period for males was estimated to be in excess of 832 days. The results are consistent with other species of Paralomis and are discussed in relation to physiological and environmental adaptations to the cold-water conditions south of the Antarctic Convergence

Higher levels of CO2 during late incubation alter the hatch time of chicken embryos

status: publishe