Questioning the Resistance/Aerobic Training Dichotomy: A commentary on physiological adaptations determined by effort rather than exercise modality

This paper discusses and challenges the current opinion that exercise adaptation is generally defined by modality; resistance exercise (RE), or aerobic exercise (AE). In presenting a strong body of recent research which demonstrably challenges these perceptions we suggest alternate hypotheses towards physiological adaptation which is hinged more upon the effort than the exercise modality. Practical implications of this interpretation of exercise adaptation might effect change in exercise adherence since existing barriers to exercise of time, costs, specialized equipment, etc. become nullified. In presenting the evidence herein we suggest that lay persons wishing to attain the health and fitness (including strength and muscle hypertrophy) benefits of exercise can choose from a wide range of potential exercise modalities so long as the effort is high. Future research should consider this hypothesis by directly comparing RE and AE for acute responses and chronic adaptations

Methods and protocols for incremental exercise testing in tetraplegia, using arm-crank ergometry assisted by Functional Electrical Stimulation

Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to tetraplegia, with paralysis and loss of sensation in the upper and lower limbs. The associated sedentary lifestyle results in an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. To address this, we require the design of exercise modalities aimed specifically at tetraplegia and methods to assess their efficacy. This paper describes methods for arm-crank ergometry (ACE) assisted by Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) applied to the biceps and triceps. The instrumented ergometer enables work-rate control during exercise, implemented here for incremental exercise testing during FES-ACE. Detailed protocols for the tests are given. Experimental data collected during exercise tests with tetraplegic volunteers are provided to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach to testing and data analysis. Incremental tests enabled calculation of peak power output and peak oxygen uptake. We propose that the high-precision exercise testing protocols described here are appropriate to assess the efficacy of the novel exercise modality, FES-ACE, in tetraplegia

Vibration as an exercise modality: how it may work, and what its potential might be

Whilst exposure to vibration is traditionally regarded as perilous, recent research has focussed on potential benefits. Here, the physical principles of forced oscillations are discussed in relation to vibration as an exercise modality. Acute physiological responses to isolated tendon and muscle vibration and to whole body vibration exercise are reviewed, as well as the training effects upon the musculature, bone mineral density and posture. Possible applications in sports and medicine are discussed. Evidence suggests that acute vibration exercise seems to elicit a specific warm-up effect, and that vibration training seems to improve muscle power, although the potential benefits over traditional forms of resistive exercise are still unclear. Vibration training also seems to improve balance in sub-populations prone to fall, such as frail elderly people. Moreover, literature suggests that vibration is beneficial to reduce chronic lower back pain and other types of pain. Other future indications are perceivable

The effects of ageing and exercise on skeletal muscle structure and function

Musculoskeletal ageing is associated with profound morphological and functional changes that increase fall risk and disease incidence and is characterised by age-related reductions in motor unit number and atrophy of muscle fibres, particularly type II fibres. Decrements in functional strength and power are relatively modest until the 6th decade, after which the rate of loss exponentially accelerates, particularly beyond the 8th decade of life. Physical activity is a therapeutic modality that can significantly attenuate age-related decline. The underlying signature of ageing, as manifested by perturbed redox homeostasis, leads to a blunting of acute and chronic redox regulated exercise adaptations. Impaired redox regulated exercise adaptations are mechanistically related to altered exercise-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation and a resultant failure to properly activate redox regulated signaling cascades. Despite the aforementioned specific impairment in redox signaling, exercise induces a plethora of beneficial effects, irrespective of age. There is, therefore, strong evidence for promoting regular physical exercise, especially progressive resistance training as a lifelong habitual practice

Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi Pada Kasus Pneumothoraks Dextra Di RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Background: Pneumothorax dextra is a respiratory disorder with symptoms of asphyxia, reduced thorax expansion and functional activity disturbances. The disorder can be overcome by using exercise therapy such as Breathing Exercise, Thoracic Exercise, Cuping, and ambulation transfer. The exercise therapy is modality used to relieve asphyxia and to increase thoracic expansion. Purpose: Purpose of the research is to know effect of exercise therapy on pneumothorax dextra case by mitigating asphyxia and increasing thoracic expansion. Method: The research uses quasi-experimental method with one group pre-andposttest design. Functional ability is measured by using Disability Index. Results of Analysis: Results of statistical test indicated better condition after administration of therapy with exercise therapy modality of Breathing exercise, Thoracic expansion exercise, Cuping, and Ambulation Transfer. Conclusion: Function ability of pneumothorax dextra patient can be improved by using exercise therapy such as Breathing Exercise, Thoracic Exercise, Thoracic Expansion exercise, Cuping, and Ambulation Transfer

Adaptive modality selection algorithm in robot-assisted cognitive training

© 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Interaction of socially assistive robots with users is based on social cues coming from different interaction modalities, such as speech or gestures. However, using all modalities at all times may be inefficient as it can overload the user with redundant information and increase the task completion time. Additionally, users may favor certain modalities over the other as a result of their disability or personal preference. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Modality Selection (AMS) algorithm that chooses modalities depending on the state of the user and the environment, as well as user preferences. The variables that describe the environment and the user state are defined as resources, and we posit that modalities are successful if certain resources possess specific values during their use. Besides the resources, the proposed algorithm takes into account user preferences which it learns while interacting with users. We tested our algorithm in simulations, and we implemented it on a robotic system that provides cognitive training, specifically Sequential memory exercises. Experimental results show that it is possible to use only a subset of available modalities without compromising the interaction. Moreover, we see a trend for users to perform better when interacting with a system with implemented AMS algorithm.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

‘Priming’ exercise and O2 uptake kinetics during treadmill running

We tested the hypothesis that priming exercise would speed kinetics during treadmill running. Eight subjects completed a square-wave protocol, involving two bouts of treadmill running at 70% of the difference between the running speeds at lactate threshold (LT) and max, separated by 6-min of walking at 4 km h−1, on two occasions. Oxygen uptake was measured breath-by-breath and subsequently modelled using non-linear regression techniques. Heart rate and blood lactate concentration were significantly elevated prior to the second exercise bout compared to the first. However, kinetics was not significantly different between the first and second exercise bouts (mean ± S.D., phase II time constant, Bout 1: 16 ± 3 s vs. Bout 2: 16 ± 4 s; slow component amplitude, Bout 1: 0.24 ± 0.10 L min−1vs. Bout 2: 0.20 ± 0.12 L min−1; mean response time, Bout 1: 34 ± 4 s vs. Bout 2: 34 ± 6 s; P > 0.05 for all comparisons). These results indicate that, contrary to previous findings with other exercise modalities, priming exercise does not alter kinetics during high-intensity treadmill running, at least in physically active young subjects. We speculate that the relatively fast kinetics and the relatively small slow component in the control (‘un-primed’) condition negated any enhancement of kinetics by priming exercise in this exercise modality

Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi pada Ischialgia e.c Hernia Nucleus Pulposus di RSUD DR. Loekmono Hadi Kudus

ABSTRACT THE MANAGEMENT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY TOWARD ISCHIALGIA e.c HERNIA NUCLEUS PULPOSUS IN RSUD DR. LOEKMONO HADI KUDUS (RISKA ANNISA, 2018) Background : Back pain is often felt between the lower back to folding the lower back of lumbar or lumbosacral areas such as in the ischialgia, it felt by a painful trip to the limbs. One of the causes of ischialgia is Hernia Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) is by moving of the discus material with protruding nucleus to the outer annulus, so that the result the pressuring is happened. Objective : The aim of this scientific writing is to know the management of physiotherapy toward ischialgia e.c Hernia Nucleus Pulposus case by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation modality and mc kenzie exercise therapy. Methode : The method of this scientific writing was used case study method. It was conducted in the electrotherapy in Dr. loekmono hadi kudus hospital start from 02nd up to 28th April, 2018 which the implementation of therapy 5 times a week by using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation modality and mc kenzie exercise therapy. The aim of giving transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation modality is to reduce the pain, then giving the mc kenzie exercise is to increase the scope of motion of the trunk and to increase the strength of trunk muscle, finally it increased the functional of prosperity. Results : After doing the action of physiotherapy for 5 times, the result showed the decreased pain, increased scope of trunk joint motion, increased muscle strength trunk and increased functional activity. Then the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation modality and mc kenzie exercise therapy can help to overcome the problem in the case of ischialgia e.c Hernia Nucleus Pulposus. Keywords : Ischialgia, Hernia Nucleus Pulposus, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Mc. Kenzie exercis

Novel individualized power training protocol preserves physical function in adult and older mice

Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, contributes to frailty, functional decline, and reduced quality of life in older adults. Exercise is a recognized therapy for sarcopenia and muscle dysfunction, though not a cure. Muscle power declines at an increased rate compared to force, and force output declines earlier than mass. Thus, there is a need for research of exercise focusing on improving power output and functionality in older adults. Our primary purpose was proof-of-concept that a novel individualized power exercise modality would induce positive adaptations in adult mice, before the exercise program was applied to an aged cohort. We hypothesized that after following our protocol, both adult and older mice would show improved function, though there would be evidence of anabolic resistance in the older mice. Male C57BL/6 mice (12 months of age at study conclusion) were randomized into control (n = 9) and exercise (n = 6) groups. The trained group used progressive resistance (with a weighted harness) and intensity (~ 4-10 rpm) on a custom motorized running wheel. The mice trained similarly to a human workout regimen (4-5 sets/session, 3 sessions/week, for 12 weeks). We determined significant (p < 0.05) positive adaptations post-intervention, including: neuromuscular function (rotarod), strength/endurance (inverted cling grip test), training physiology (force/power output per session), muscle size (soleus mass), and power/velocity of contraction (in vitro physiology). Secondly, we trained a cohort of older male mice (28 months old at conclusion): control (n = 12) and exercised (n = 8). While the older exercised mice did preserve function and gain benefits, they also demonstrated evidence of anabolic resistance.F31 AG044108 - NIA NIH HHS; R01 AG017768 - NIA NIH HHS; TL1 TR001440 - Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical BranchAccepted manuscrip