The Evolution of Development Associations in Infrastructure Development in Nigeria: (The Ilawe Society Experience)

Infrastructure is refers to those basic services without which primary, secondary and tertiary productive activities cannot function, this includes schools, water supply, electricity supply, roads and town halls among others. The purpose of the study was to highlight the history and urbanization process of Ilawe-Ekiti as well as the Development Associations in infrastructure development in Nigeria. The research survey method was adopted for use in this study. Questionnaire was used in collecting relevant information from the authority of the Ekiti South-West LGC officials and the developments associations. The findings revealed that problems encounter by the development associations ranges from low level of participations, economics and political crisis, funding and logistics problems. Finally the paper calls on encouragement of peoples/community participation toward the development of communities as well as locating cooperative banks which should be directed to give loan to the development associations. Keywords: Development Associations, Infrastructure Development, Participation, Ilawe-Ekiti, Nigeria

Exploitation of Petroleum Resources and the Challenges of Development of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Nigeria is blessed with petroleum deposits, which are largely available in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria with abundant oil and gas resources. The development of the people of the Niger Delta has been on the front burner as it is believed that there is a need for economic transformation to ensure that the life of the people in the area should be able to achieve basic needs and standards of living. The conditions of life in the Niger Delta have been very weak, with the people not being able to meet their basic needs of life. There are challenges of low literacy level and poverty. The cases of oil pollutions continue to increase. The infrastructural development has been very poor. Employment opportunities are not readily available. Much is seen from the activities of militants. There is a need for reassessment of the development strides initiated by the Government and the oil companies operating in the Niger Delta for the good of the people of the Niger Delta. Keywords: Oil and gas, Niger Delta, Development, Petroleum revenue, Pollution DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/112-19 Publication date:August 31st 2021

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATIONS IN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: (THE ILAWE SOCIETY EXPERIENCE)

Infrastructure is refers to those basic services without which primary, secondary and tertiary productive activities cannot function, this includes schools, water supply, electricity supply, roads and town halls among others. The purpose of the study was to highlight the history and urbanization process of Ilawe-Ekiti as well as the Development Associations in infrastructure development in Nigeria. The research survey method was adopted for use in this study. Questionnaire was used in collecting relevant information from the authority of the Ekiti South-West LGC officials and the developments associations. The findings revealed that problems encounter by the development associations ranges from low level of participations, economics and political crisis, funding and logistics problems. Finally the paper calls on encouragement of peoples/community participation toward the development of communities as well as locating cooperative banks which should be directed to give loan to the development associations. However, the two tiers of government, (local and state) particularly the LG that supposed to be grassroots-based, should identify these DAs, streamline their activities and provide adequate supervision, motivation, monitoring, coordination, and evaluation of their projects to support development.   Keywords: Development Associations, Infrastructure Development, Participation, Ilawe-Ekiti, Nigeria

Market Condition and Regional Development Planning in Ekiti-State, South Western Nigeria

A market is a geographical space that facilitates trade and enable the distribution and allocation of resources in a society, whereby parties engage in exchange of goods and services which promotes production, distribution and consumption activities and improve the welfare and social life of the people. The purpose of this study is to assess the types and condition of the market facilities in Ikere, Ise/Orun and Emure region of Ekiti state, South Western Nigeria with a view to enhancing the economic development of the study area. This study adopted the survey research method, and used three different questionnaires to collect research data from the Local Government authorities, market authorities and the market traders in the study area. The findings among others revealed that the facilities provided for the market traders are grossly inadequate and the existing market facilities are in bad conditions. Further findings reveal that the condition of most facilities in the markets was dilapidated and had not been adequately maintained; which is affecting the level of patronage of the markets. In view of the these findings, there were need to improve the market facilities and conditions through additional provision and maintenance of the existing markets. It was also suggested that private management firm should be responsible for the inspection and general maintenance of the entire market in the study area. Keywords: Condition, Ekiti-State, Market, Module, Regional Developmen

A summary of the theories of the origin of the Lake Superior copper ores, with evidences pertaining thereto

In each of the foregoing theories we obtain sound reasoning in connection with many facts. Therefore a correlation of these facts ought to give us enough material to deduct a sound theory. The most plausible supposition seems to be that all metallic ores are derived ultimately from the interior of the earth, from a great metallographic province, when they are delivered by igneous eruptives near or at the surface --Conclusion With Reasons, page 29

The Resource Curse Syndrome and Legitimate Expectations of the Niger Delta People of Nigeria

Nigeria is one of the world's petroleum regions, endowed with an abundance of natural resources necessary for the nation's development.  There should be an effective utilization of the resources for the greater good of the country. Each Government endowed with petroleum resources should take action to ensure that those resources are transformed for the benefit of its citizens. The article, reviewing the resource curse theory and scholarship, argues that Nigeria's Niger Delta has significant petroleum resources, but these resources have not been harnessed efficiently for the effective growth of the nation. This has had a considerable impact on the regional distribution of economic advantages, creating a case of the paradox of plenty. It demonstrated the resource curse syndrome in Nigeria and the effort to address the situation. The article presents a proposal on how Nigeria should use and manage its petroleum resources through proactive measures aimed at addressing the resource curse. Keywords: Resource curse; Petroleum resources; Dutch diseases; Niger Delta DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/79-04 Publication date:October 31st 202

Evaluation of a soybean threshing machine for small scale farmers

A soybean threshing machine was designed, fabricated and evaluated at Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria, to determine its performance and ease the drudgery problems associated with threshing of soybean by the small scale farmers. Evaluation was carried out with TGX 1448 soybean variety at different levels of moisture contents; 10%, 16% and 22% (wet basis) and at different drum speeds; 320 r/min, 385 r/min, 450 r/min, 515 r/min, with constant mass input of 600g and constant concave clearance of 23 mm.  The overall mean results obtained for performance indicators in terms of threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, percentage of damage seed, percentage of blown seeds, percentage of seed loss and throughput capacity were 99.51%, 77.91%, 3.72%, 31.33%, 4.43%, and 35.44 kg/h, respectively.   The evaluation results indicated threshing efficiencies of 98.96% to 99.88% for the range of the variable of drum speed between 320 r/min to 515 r/min and 99.73% to 99.29% for the range of the variable of moisture content of 10% - 22% (wet basis). The cleaning efficiency decreases (90.81% to 64.25%) as the speed increases (320 r/m into 515 r/min), at moisture contents of 10% and 22% (wet basis).   The soybean threshing machine is simple to operate and maintain without formal education and the machine was fabricated from locally sourced materials.  The unit cost of this threshing machine was ₦69,040.00, which is by far cheaper than imported soybean threshing machines

A Module on Market Condition and Regional Development Planning in Ekiti-State, South Western Nigeria

A market place is a geographical space that facilitates trade and enables the distribution and allocation of resources in a society, whereby parties engage in exchange of goods and services which promotes production, promotion, distribution, and consumption activities and improve the welfare and social life of the people. The purpose of the study was is to assess the types and conditions of the markets facilities in Ikere, Ise/Orun and Emure region of Ekiti state, Nigeria with a view to enhancing the economic development of the study area. This study adopted the survey research method, and used three different questionnaires to collect research data from the authority in Ikere, Ise/Orun and Emure Local Government Councils of Ekiti State, Market authorities in Ikere, Ise/Orun and Emure LG Councils of Ekiti State and the market traders in the study area which is the main focus of this study. The findings among others revealed that the facilities provided for the market traders are grossly inadequate, while the existing market facilities are in bad conditions. However, the condition of most facilities in the markets was dilapidated and had not been adequately maintained, which is affecting the level of patronage of the markets in Ekiti State. In view of the findings, there were need to improve the market facilities and conditions through additional provision and maintenance of the existing markets; private management firm should be responsible for the inspections and general maintenance of the entire market in the study area. Keywords: Condition, Market, Module, Planning, Regional Developmen

Post adenotonsillectomy coughing and laryngospasm in children: preextubation mini-dose suxamethonium, lidocaine, and their combination prove prophylactic

Background: Post adenotonsillectomy coughing and laryngospasm in children entails deleterious sequelae, warranting continued search for effective prophylaxis. The aim was to determine the prophylactic efficacy of intravenous mini-dose (0.1 mg/kg) suxamethonium, 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine 1%, and their combination, against coughing and laryngospasm in children emerging from general anaesthesia after adenotonsillectomy.Methods: Ethical approval and parental written consent secured, 69 children, aged 1-6 years, of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I were randomized into groups A, B, and C, of 23 each. All patients had general anaesthesia induced with propofol 2 mg/kg plus fentanyl 2 µ/kg, maintained with isoflurane 1-1.5% in 100% oxygen, and tracheal intubation facilitated by pancuronium 0.075 mg/kg. Two minutes after reversal dose of neostigmine, groups A, B and C respectively received 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine 1%, suxamethonium 0.1 mg/kg, and 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine 1% plus suxamethonium 0.1 mg/kg, intravenously. Tracheal extubation was done 90 seconds after study drug administration, and coughing and laryngospasm were assessed for 10 minutes using modified Minogue and Likert 4-point scales respectively.Results: All 69 subjects completed the study. The incidence of mild to moderate coughing was 22 (95.7%) in groups A and B, and 19 (82.6%) in group C, p=1.000. Laryngospasm occurred in none (0.0%) in group C, while in groups A and B its occurrence was 1(4.3%), p=1.000.Conclusions: Mini-dose suxamethonium or lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg prevented grade 3 coughing and laryngospasm; furthermore, their combination prevented grade 3 coughing and achieved zero incidence of laryngospasm.