Comparative study of encapsulated rhizome extract of Alpinia purpurata (Zingeberaceae) in alginate and alginate-chitosan

Encapsulation is a coating process of bioactive compound. Alpinia purpurata has been well known as lengkuas merah an Asian tropical herbal which contain phenylpropanoid, phenolic and flavonoid. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds is an agent that can be used as anti cancer. This research aim is to create a product of Alpinia purpurata extract which encapsulated in alginate or alginate-chitosan. Theproduct of encapsulated has been observed towards SEM ( Scanning Electron Microscophy) and spectrocophy Infra-Red method. Encapsulated product of lengkuas merah extract made through extrusion method in alginate and chitosan with ratio 1:1 (w/w) then dripped in 2% CaCl2.The Alpinia purpurata/alginate/chitosan microcapsules (APCAM) is better than alginate microcapsules (APAM)

Carbon nanotube chirality determines properties of encapsulated linear carbon chain

Long linear carbon chains encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes are a very close realization of carbyne, the truly one-dimensional allotrope of carbon. Here we study individual pairs of double-walled carbon nanotubes and encapsulated linear carbon chains by tip-enhanced Raman scattering. We observe that the radial breathing mode of the inner nanotube correlates with the frequency of the carbon chain's Raman mode, revealing that the nanotube chirality determines the vibronic and electronic properties of the encapsulated carbon chain. We provide the missing link that connects the properties of the encapsulated long linear carbon chain with the structure of the host nanotube.Comment: keywords: linear carbon chains; carbyne; carbon nanotubes; tip-enhanced Raman scattering; TERS; Significant changes compared to first version of the manuscript. Current version includes Supporting Informatio

RF inductor has high Q, is stable at higher temperatures

Encapsulated RF inductor with an insulated coil has a high Q and remains stable for long periods of time at high temperatures. The coil is wound on a core and both are encapsulated in an epoxy resin. Two terminals are soldered to the coil

Assessment of porcine endogenous retrovirus transmission across an alginate barrier used for the encapsulation of porcine islets

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous implantation of a macroencapsulated patch containing human allogenic islets has been successfully used to alleviate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in a human recipient without the need for immunosuppression. The use of encapsulated porcine islets to treat T1DM has also been reported. Although no evidence of pathogen transfer using this technology has been reported to date, we deemed it appropriate to determine if the encapsulation technology would prevent the release of virus, in particular, the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). METHODS: HEK293 (human epithelial kidney) and swine testis (ST) cells were co-cultured with macroencapsulated pig islets embedded in an alginate patch, macroencapsulated PK15 (swine kidney epithelial) cells embedded in an alginate patch and free PK15 cells. Cells and supernatant were harvested at weekly time points from the cultures for up to 60 days and screened for evidence of PERV release using qRT-PCR to detect PERV RNA and SG-PERT to detect reverse transcriptase (RT). RESULTS: No PERV virus, or evidence of PERV replication, was detected in the culture medium of HEK293 or pig cells cultured with encapsulated porcine islets. Increased PERV activity relative to the background was not detected in ST cells cultured with encapsulated PK15 cells. However, PERV was detected in 1 of the 3 experimental replicates of HEK293 cells cultured with encapsulated PK15 cells. Both HEK293 and ST cells cultured with free PK15 cells showed an increase in RT detection. CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of 1 replicate, there does not appear to be evidence of transmission of replication competent PERV from the encapsulated islet cells or the positive control PK15 cells across the alginate barrier. The detection of PERV would suggest the alginate barrier of this replicate may have become compromised, emphasizing the importance of quality control when producing encapsulated islet patches

Orifice gross leak tester Patent

Test chambers with orifice and helium mass spectrometer for detecting leak rate of encapsulated semiconductor device

Status of FEP encapsulated solar cell modules used in terrestrial applications

The Lewis Research Center has been engaged in transferring the FEP encapsulated solar cell technology developed for the space program to terrestrial applications. FEP encapsulated solar cell modules and arrays were designed and built expressly for terrestrial applications. Solar cell power systems were installed at three different land sites, while individual modules are undergoing marine environment tests. Four additional power systems are being completed for installation during the summer of 1974. These tests have revealed some minor problems which have been corrected. The results confirm the inherent utility of FEP encapsulated terrestrial solar cell systems

Enhanced thermal stability and spin-lattice relaxation rate of N@C60 inside carbon nanotubes

We studied the temperature stability of the endohedral fullerene molecule, N@C60, inside single-wall carbon nanotubes using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. We found that the nitrogen escapes at higher temperatures in the encapsulated material as compared to its pristine, crystalline form. The temperature dependent spin-lattice relaxation time, T_1, of the encapsulated molecule is significantly shorter than that of the crystalline material, which is explained by the interaction of the nitrogen spin with the conduction electrons of the nanotubes.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Modified polyurethane foams for fuel-fire Patent

Modification of polyurethanes with alkyl halide resins, inorganic salts, and encapsulated volatile and reactive halogen for fuel fire contro

Liposomes encapsulating polymeric chitosan based vesicles - a vesicle in vesicle system for drug delivery

Drug delivery systems comprising vesicles prepared from one amphiphile encapsulating vesicles prepared from a second amphiphile have not been prepared previously due to a tendency of the bilayer components of the different vesicles to mix during preparation. Recently we have developed polymeric vesicles using the new polymer-palmitoyl glycol chitosan and cholesterol in a 2:1 weight ratio. These polymeric vesicles have now been encapsulated within egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), cholesterol (2:1 weight ratio) liposomes yielding a vesicle in vesicle system. The vesicle in vesicle system was visualised by freeze fracture electron microscopy. The mixing of the different bilayer components was studied by monitoring the excimer fluorescence of pyrene-labelled polymeric vesicles after their encapsulation within egg PC liposomes or hexadecyl diglycerol ether niosomes. A minimum degree of lipid mixing was observed with the polymeric vesicle-egg PC liposome system when compared to the polymeric vesicle-hexadecyl diglycerol ether niosome system. The polymeric vesicle-egg PC vesicle in vesicle system was shown to retard the release of encapsulated solutes. 28% of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) encapsulated in the polymeric vesicle compartment of the vesicle in vesicle system was released after 4 h compared to the release of 62% of encapsulated CF from plain polymeric vesicles within the same time period