Study of Ardabil Drinking Water Physicochemical Parameters

Background & Objectives: Ardabil city with population of about 340386 is still supplied with groundwater resource for drinking. That should have optimum quality standards in different aspects. If a drinking water physicochemical parameters levels is higher than the permitted recommended levels, they may create irreversible damages. This study intended to determine the physicochemical parameters of drinking water in Ardabil in the year 2004. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that has been done on 35 samples of Ardabil city drinking water resources in 2004. Most of the physicochemical parameters due to their importance and present limitations or even through technical restriction in water and wastewater laboratory of Ardabil health care centers were chemically analyzed and the results were statistically analyzed and compared by 1053 country standard methods. Results: According to the results of analyzed samples and their comparison with their related standard, it is estimated that So4, Po4 and total hardness of samples were %9, %71 & %41 respectively more than maximum acceptable level. Fluorine of samples was %57 less than the minimum recommended fluorine. Conclusion: Due to the lack of consistency in the values of So4, Po4, fluorine and total hardness of testing samples with the related standards, programming for obviation of the problems seems essential

A review on the influence of drinking water quality towards human health

An adequate supply of safe drinking water is one of the major prerequisites for a healthy life. Inadequate of safe drinking water produce waterborne disease and a major cause of death in many parts of the world, particularly in children. Therefore, it must be treated properly before it can be used and consumed. This chapter provides the guidelines of important parameters for drinking water standard in order to ensure the safeness of drinking water. All the selected parameters were elaborated on the effect of high concentration if human consume the drinking water directly

Sensitivity Analysis of a Proposed Model for Removal Efficiency of Trihalomethanes (THMs) Using Spray Aeration

Trihalomethanes (THMs) form in drinking water treatment systems as a byproduct of chlorination and are problematic from a public health perspective due to their carcinogenic potential and their potential for additional formation throughout distribution systems. Recently, regulations have tightened on THMs in an attempt to reduce the risk of exposure for consumers at the far ends of distribution systems. Due to widespread use of chlorine and the reluctance of drinking water providers to overhaul current treatment systems, research has been undertaken to investigate post-treatment removal of THMs. One such method is spray aeration, whereby water is recycled in water storage tanks by spraying it through showerheads. Using a spray aeration model and a simple sensitivity analysis, the following study evaluates the influence of various parameters on the model’s output. It was determined that the configuration and magnitude of the recycle flow were the most influential parameters, while spray angle and the distribution of THM species (speciation) were the least influential. These results are important for practitioners as they can help them to determine the most important design parameters for spray aeration systems. Additionally, the following study elucidates the advantages of spray aeration in the removal of brominated THM species

Application of the impedance model of de Levie for the characterization of porous electrodes

From the de Levie's theory for a porous electrode, the impedance can be expressed in function of the cylindrical pore characteristics: the pore length, the pore radius and the number of pores. If the pores have a finite length, these parameters can be regressed from the experimental impedance diagrams. In the case of a semi-infinite pore length, only the product r3/2n can be obtained. In this paper, two practical examples of porous electrodes were presented: the corrosion of cast iron in drinking water and the electrodissolution of copper in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. In each case, the pore parameters were assessed

Oxidation of Cr(III)-Fe(III) Mixed-Phase Hydroxides by Chlorine: Implications on the Control of Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water.

The occurrence of chromium (Cr) as an inorganic contaminant in drinking water is widely reported. One source of Cr is its accumulation in iron-containing corrosion scales of drinking water distribution systems as Cr(III)-Fe(III) hydroxide, that is, Fe xCr(1- x)(OH)3(s), where x represents the Fe(III) molar content and typically varies between 0.25 and 0.75. This study investigated the kinetics of inadvertent hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) formation via the oxidation of Fe xCr(1- x)(OH)3(s) by chlorine as a residual disinfectant in drinking water, and examined the impacts of Fe(III) content and drinking water chemical parameters including pH, bromide and bicarbonate on the rate of Cr(VI) formation. Data showed that an increase in Fe(III) molar content resulted in a significant decrease in the stoichiometric Cr(VI) yield and the rate of Cr(VI) formation, mainly due to chlorine decay induced by Fe(III) surface sites. An increase in bicarbonate enhanced the rate of Cr(VI) formation, likely due to the formation of Fe(III)-carbonato surface complexes that slowed down the scavenging reaction with chlorine. The presence of bromide significantly accelerated the oxidation of Fe xCr(1- x)(OH)3(s) by chlorine, resulting from the catalytic effect of bromide acting as an electron shuttle. A higher solution pH between 6 and 8.5 slowed down the oxidation of Cr(III) by chlorine. These findings suggested that the oxidative conversion of chromium-containing iron corrosion products in drinking water distribution systems can lead to the occurrence of Cr(VI) at the tap, and the abundance of iron, and a careful control of pH, bicarbonate and bromide levels can assist the control of Cr(VI) formation

Physical and Chemical Water Quality of Ilam Water Treatment Plant

Water usually has some dissolved elements such as solids and gasses. Existences of some elements in water are necessary for human health, but deficiency of many them can cause problems. At this research chemical and physical parameters of produced water in Ilam Water Treatment has determined and compared with Iran and world health organization (WHO) standards. In this study, samples were analyzed twice per month during 12 months 2008. Altogether in this survey, 16 physical and chemical parameters were measured in produced water of Ilam Water treatment plant. During this study, 24 samples were taken and analyzed according to the latest addition of standard method manual. Data were analyzed using the SPSS and Microsoft Excel software packages. Then the results compared to drinking water standards. The physical and chemical parameters of produced water of Ilam Water Treatment Plant are in range of WHO and Iran drinking Water standards and only fluoride value is lower than Iran standard limits. The chemical and physical quality of produced water does not have any health hazard problem. Fluoride is just lower than the standard range and many people use some methods to overcome this problem

Fog_Hive© : 3D fog collection along the coastal Atacama desert

The provision of drinking water turns out to be one of the great challenges for the future because central water supply systems cannot technically or logistically be implemented. FogHive©'s main aim is stopping desertification by repairing endangered fog oases ecosystems, and harvesting water for drinking and irrigation and fostering potential inhabitation in many arid coasts such as Chile, Peru and others latitudes. FogHive© is resilient to different climatic contexts and can dynamically response to the different and intermittent prevailing wind directions by keeping the screen ratio of 1:1 or 1:2. It is an adaptable and lightweight design with emphasis in optimal frame types, forms, structural and surface sizes, structural and constructional specifications made with aluminium, galvanised steel or timber. FogHive© employs hydrophobic meshes and a deployable space-frame to intersect atmospheric water and then harvest it for drinking and irrigation. FogHive© has been tested throughout climatic simulations in the fog oasis of Alto Patache, Atacama Desert (2010). It also performs like a shading/cooling device and a soil humidifier for greenery or crop. Being a transformable construction, it can easily be transported and installed. Its footprint is hexagonal (6m side) which is resistant against strong winds and ‘aerodynamic’ to the landscape. FogHive© consists of a water-repellent skin facing prevailing winds and a shading device facing the Equator. The water collector, filtering and irrigation network considers local structural materials and techniques. Regarding conventional two-dimensional fog collection, FogHive© upgrades the following aspects: 1. Increasing rate and yield of advection fog by taking into account harvesting rate and climatic parameters; 2. Structural reinforcement of fog collectors through lightweight and deployable space-frames; 3. Reducing installation and maintenance of fog collection; 4. Lowering physical impacts on surrounding

The Effects of Herbs as Feed Additives Through Feed and Drinking Water on Broiler Blood Parameters

Using herbs as feed additives in poultry can improve the health that affects the quality of broiler chicken. This study aimed to determine the effects of giving herbs as feed additives through feed and drinking water on the biochemical parameters of broiler blood. In this study, 175 chickens were used and divided into seven levels of treatments; T0 (feed without herbs), T1 (feed + 1% herbs), T2 (Feed + 2% herbs), T3 (Feed + 3% herbs), T4 (drinking water +1% herbal), T5 (drinking water + 2% herbal), T6 (drinking water + 3% herbal). The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. As a result, the treatments did not affect (p>0.05) the total plasma protein (TPP), globulin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and all parameters of the blood profile. However, the herbs’ addition significantly (p<0.05) affected albumin, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Adding herbs through drinking water gave lower TG and LDL levels than through feed or the control. The control had the lowest level of ALT, which increased along with adding 2% herbs through drinking water. Adding 3% herbs through the feed reached the highest ALT level. Adding herbs through feed and drinking water up to 3% could maintain normal blood parameters (total plasma protein, globulin, cholesterol, HDL, AST, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, PCV value, and hemoglobin level). On the other hand, the 2% herb addition could maintain the normal levels of albumin and ALT

POLLUTION’S IMPACT ON THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER

Water is essential for life and the way we use water in our activity has a direct impact on the environment. The Report of the Public Health Institute on drinking water quality from urban localities highlighted that the total population potentially exposed to the risk, taking into consideration the age of the distribution networks, water source quality and parameters, is estimated to be about 9.8 million inhabitants in urban areas. The paper analyses the main factors that affect the quality of drinking water, in the conditions than 100 million people in the European region still do not have access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation and the quality of the water supply and sanitation services has deteriorated continuously over the past 15 years, with the rural population being most affected.nitrate contamination, leakage, drinking water, wastewater treatment

Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 492/menkes/per/iv/2010 Tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum Di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru

Needs of the community will be decent and safe drinking water to be consumed every day while increasing the availability of water of drinkable quality and assured in terms of health is increasingly difficult to obtain. Then in anticipation of an unfit drinking water consumption and cause illness then the Government through the Ministry of Health issued a Permenkes Number 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 regarding the requirements of the quality of drinking water. Based on Permenkes Number 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 about drinking water Quality Requirements also explained that any organizer of a compulsory guarantee drinking water drinking water produced is safe for health. The drinking water is safe for public health if it meets the requirements of purity, chemical physics, radioactive and contained in the mandatory parameters and additional parameters. Mandatory parameter is the quality of the drinking water requirements that must be followed and adhered to by all organizers of drinking water. The organizers also included drinking water that is in the city of Pekanbaru. The purpose of this research is to know the Implementation Permenkes Number 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 about drinking water Quality Requirements in the Handsome city of Pekanbaru.The concept used is the theory which includes communication, resources and disposition. To analyse the implementation of the regulation of the Minister of health the number 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 about drinking water Quality Requirements in the Handsome city of Pekanbaru, researchers using theory of this Research method using Sugiyono research with qualitative studies are descriptive. In data collection, the author uses interview techniques, observation, and documentation. By using key informant as a source of information and as a source of triangular technique in testing the validity of the data.The results of this research show that the pengimplementan regulations the Minister of health does not run fully in accordance with existing regulations. In the implementation of the regulation of the Minister of health is still to occur irregularities in the process of its implementation. As for the fakotr – a barrier factor in the implementation of the regulation of the Minister of health, namely the lack of communication between the Office of the manufacturer related to the depot drinking water