Moderate consumption of red wine can modulate human intestinal inflammatory response

In this study, 24 immune markers were analyzed in feces from healthy volunteers (n = 34) before and after consumption of a red wine (12% ethanol, 1758 mg/L total polyphenols) for 4 weeks. Analysis of the data permitted the differentiation of a six-volunteer subgroup showing unusually high basal values of cytokines. For this subgroup, consumption of wine significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the content of 16 markers to usual values, especially noticeable for those cytokines that promote initial inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-Î3). On the contrary, no significant differences in the concentration of any immune marker were observed after wine consumption for the rest of the volunteers. Additionally, significant and negative correlations among cytokines IFN-Î3, IL-8, and IL-6 and the total fecal content of phenolic metabolites were found for the high-cytokines-values subgroup, before wine intake. This study shows, for the first time, that moderate consumption of red wine could modulate inflammatory intestinal response in vivo.This work was funded by the MINECO (Spanish National Projects AGL2009-13361-C02-01, AGL2012-04172-C02-01, and CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 (FUN-C-FOOD, CSD2007-063), and the Comunidad de Madrid (ALIBIRD P2009/AGR-1469) Project. A.J.-G. and I.M.-G. thank the European Social Fund and JAE-Doc Program (CSIC) and the EPI Program for their research contracts, respectively.Peer Reviewe