Effects of dopaminergic system activation on feeding behavior and growth performance of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): A self-feeding approach

Dopamine is synthesized from l-dopa and subsequently processed into norepinephrine and epinephrine. Any excess neurotransmitter can be taken up again by the neurons to be broken down enzymatically into DOPAC. The effect of dopamine on mammalian food intake is controversial. Mice unable to synthesize central dopamine die of starvation. However, studies have also shown that central injection of dopamine inhibits food intake. The effect of dopaminergic system in the fish feeding behavior has been scarcely explored. We report that the inclusion of l-dopa in the diets results in the activation of sea bass central dopaminergic system but also in the significant increase of the hypothalamic serotonin levels. Dietary l-dopa induces a decrease of food intake and feed conversion efficiency that drives a decline of all growth parameters tested. No behavioral effects were observed after l-dopa treatment. l-dopa treatment stimulated central expression of NPY and CRF. It suggests that CRF might mediate l-dopa effects on food intake but also that CRF neurons lie downstream of NPY neurons in the hierarchical forebrain system, thus controlling energy balance. Unexpectedly, dietary administration of haloperidol, a D2-receptor antagonist, cannot block dopamine effects but also induces a decline of the food intake. This decrease seems to be a side effect of haloperidol treatment since fish exhibited a decreased locomotor activity. We conclude that oral l-dopa inhibits sea bass food intake and growth. Mechanism could also involve an increase of hypothalamic serotoninergic tone. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.This work was supported by grants AGL2010-22247-C03-01 and CSD 2007-00002 from the Spanish Science and Education Ministry (MEC) to JMC-R, AGL2010-22247-C03-03 to JMM. Additional funding was obtained from the >Generalitat Valenciana> (research grant PROMETEO 2010/006). EL was recipient of a Geronimo Forteza fellowship from the Generalitat Valenciana (GV). MJA is recipient of a >Juan de la Cierva> research contract (2009) from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry. MC-S was recipient of a FPI fellow from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry.Peer Reviewe