Valorisation of vine shoots for the development of cellulose-based biocomposite films with improved performance and bioactivity

This work reports on the valorization of Tempranillo vine shoots for the development of bio-based packaging materials. Cellulose (F3) and nanocellulose (NANO F3) were produced by the conventional method, while less purified cellulosic fractions (F2A) and nanocrystals (NANO F2A) were extracted by simplified protocols (omitting Soxhlet and alkaline treatments) to reduce production costs and environmental impact and evaluate the potential added functionalities of these less purified materials. Although most of the hemicelluloses in F2A were digested upon acid hydrolysis, a small fraction remained in NANO F2A. On the other hand, the presence of a minor xylan fraction in F3 limited the access of sulphuric acid towards the cellulose microfibrils, hindering hydrolysis and producing heterogeneous fibrillar structures in NANO F3. The obtained materials were used to produce cellulosic films, as well as blends with agar, and their performance properties were evaluated. Overall, NANO F2A films showed the best compromise between performance and sustainability and presented additional antioxidant capacity. The properties of the films could be adjusted by the incorporation of agar, improving their ductility and water permeability.This work was financially supported by the project RTI2018-094408-J-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the “Agencia Estatal de Investigación” and co-funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERA-Net SUSFOOD2). A. Martinez-Abad acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University, as a recipient of a Juan de la Cierva contract (IJDC-2017-31255).Peer reviewe