Multidisciplinary involvement and potential of thermophiles

18 páginas.-- 3 figuras.-- 2 tablas.- 188 referenciasThe full biotechnological exploitation of thermostable enzymes in industrial processes is necessary for their commercial interest and industrious value. The heat-tolerant and heat-resistant enzymes are a key for efficient and cost-effective translation of substrates into useful products for commercial applications. The thermophilic, hyperthermophilic, and microorganisms adapted to extreme temperatures (i.e., low-temperature lovers or psychrophiles) are a rich source of thermostable enzymes with broad-ranging thermal properties, which have structural and functional stability to underpin a variety of technologies. These enzymes are under scrutiny for their great biotechnological potential. Temperature is one of the most critical parameters that shape microorganisms and their biomolecules for stability under harsh environmental conditions. This review describes in detail the sources of thermophiles and thermostable enzymes from prokaryotes and eukaryotes (microbial cell factories). Furthermore, the review critically examines perspectives to improve modern biocatalysts, its production and performance aiming to increase their value for biotechnology through higher standards, specificity, resistance, lowing costs, etc. These thermostable and thermally adapted extremophilic enzymes have been used in a wide range of industries that span all six enzyme classes. Thus, in particular, target of this review paper is to show the possibility of both high-value–low-volume (e.g., fine-chemical synthesis) and low-value–high-volume by-products (e.g., fuels) by minimizing changes to current industrial processesThis study received financial support from the University Grants Commission, New Delhi (Ministry of Human Resource Development, The Government of India) (File No. PDFSS-2013-14-ST-MAH-4350). Also, this study received funding from European program ERA-IB16-049 and Spanish Ministry (PCIN-2016-129).Peer reviewe