Shifting attitudes and the labor market of minorities: Swedish experiences after 9-11

Several studies suggest that the terrorist attacks in the US on September 11, 2001, caused at least a temporary change of attitude toward certain minorities in Sweden. We study unemployment exit around 9-11 using detailed data on the entire Swedish working-age population to investigate whether this change in attitudes also affected the labor market situation of these minorities. Contrary to what to expect from many theories of labor market discrimination, the time pattern of exits and entries for different ethnic groups, as well as difference-in-differences analyses, show no sign of increased discrimination towards these minorities.Labour market discrimination; minorities; etnic groups

The End of Affirmative Action? Work Rule Concessions at South Works

[Excerpt] The recent Rail Mill Manning Agreement between U.S. Steel South Works and Local 65 of the United Steelworkers of America changed both the local and Basic Labor Agreements. This paper will demonstrate the adverse effect that this Agreement will have on minorities and women

Ethnicity and Earnings in Urban Peru

In this paper we study the relationship between ethnic exclusion and earnings in Urban Peru. Our approach to the concept of ethnicity involves the usage of instruments in many of its several dimensions: mother tongue, parental background, religion, migration events and race. In order to approximate what can be called racial differences in a context like the Peruvian in which "racial mixture" is the main characteristic of the population, we use a score-based procedure to capture both the differences and the mixtures. By means of this procedure each individual is assigned intensities by pollsters in each of the four categories that correspond to the most easily recognized distinct racial groups in the Peruvian society: Asiatic, White, Indigenous, and Black. We find that the multidimensional race indicator is correlated with several human capital and physical capital assets, as well as with access to public services. Using Blinder-Oaxaca (B-O) decompositions we find that a substantial part of the earnings differences between racial groups cannot be explainged by differences in individual characteristics. To take into account the fact that B-O doesn't consider the probability distribution of the individual characteristics, and specifically race in our case, we also use a semi-parametric technique for the estimation of differences in hourly earnings. This estimation treats the typical wage equations in a linear fashion but let estimators for the racial intensity effects to interact freely, without restricting them to a functional form. The results suggests that among wage earners after controlling for a large set of characteristics, there are racially related earnings differences in favor of predominantly White individuals. In the case of the self-employed, none of the empirical distributions of earning differences attributable to race is substantially above zero.race discrimination, minorities, wage differentials, semi-parametric

The Devil in France. The Tragedy of Spanish Republicans and French Policy after the Civil War (1936-1945)

Among the many human tragedies Europe endured during the 20th century, the Spanish Civil War ranks high among the events that most strongly affected our collective future. France was deeply affected by this historical tragedy, since it received four successive waves of immigrants between 1936 and 1939. The episode known as the retirada [retreat] led to the exile and arrival in France of around a half a million individuals of all ages and all social conditions in the space of a few weeks. Today the subject of the exodus, then exile, of the Spanish Republicans is well known as a result of the work of historians. But important questions remain. This chapter first looks at the role of the Franco-Spanish frontier during the Civil War, and then, against this background, investigates the causes of the inadequate and even humiliating reception of the Spanish refugees. It attempts to understand why France, known for its tradition of hospitality, was unprepared to deal with the emergency and, indeed, officially reacted with indifference or contempt, enforcing discriminatory measures against the exiled soldiers and civilian population.De toutes les tragédies humaines que l'Europe a traversées au cours du 20 siècle, la guerre d'Espagne figure hélas en bonne place parmi celles qui ont le plus fortement marqué notre destin collectif. Plus que tout autre pays, la France a fait l'expérience indirecte de ce drame historique en devenant la terre d'accueil de quatre vagues migratoires successives entre 1936 et 1939, la dernière étant de loin la plus importante du point de vue numérique. En effet, la mal nommée retirada - littéralement la retraite militaire - a entraîné l'exil massif d'environ un demi-million d'individus de tous âges et de toutes conditions vers le pays voisin à travers les Pyrénées en l'espace de quelques jours, au mieux quelques semaines. Bien que la question de l'exode républicain espagnol, puis de l'exil soit aujourd'hui bien connue grâce au travail des historiens et aux publications nombreuses touchant à ce sujet (mémoires, autobiographies...), elle continue de poser des questions, de nous interroger, non seulement sur les causes premières qui ont occasionné cet épisode douloureux, mais aussi et surtout sur le sort qui a été réservé aux centaines de milliers d'hommes, de femmes et d'enfants à leur arrivée sur le sol de France. Comment expliquer que la République française, connue dans le monde entier pour sa traditionnelle hospitalité, n'ait manifesté officiellement qu'indifférence ou mépris à leur égard? Comment interpréter l'impréparation des autorités civiles et militaires face à un déluge humain annoncé, l'improvisation des "camps sur la plage" et le traitement humiliant infligé aux soldats républicains? Cette communication vise à évoquer la question frontalière dans les relations franco-espagnoles au cours de la guerre civile, à montrer combien l'exode massif de 1939 aurait pu être anticipé et pourquoi la France a si mal accueilli les réfugiés espagnols sous la pression des événements pendant les années de guerre

Application of Reverse Regression to Boston Federal Reserve Data Refutes Claims of Discrimination

The topic of mortgage discrimination has received renewed interest since publication of the Boston Federal Reserve Bank study based on 1990 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data. That study used traditional direct logistic regression to assess the influence of race on the probability of mortgage loan denial and reported the parameter estimate of race to be positive and significantly different from zero across several model specifications, thereby supporting contentions of discriminatory behavior. This paper develops an alternate approach, reverse regression, a method often used in the measurement of gender discrimination in labor markets. After discussion of theoretical issues regarding model choice, results of a reverse regression on the Boston Federal Reserve Bank study dataset are reported. Contrary to results using direct methods, reverse regression does not support contentions of mortgage discrimination in the Boston mortgage market. Rather the lower overall qualifications of minority applicants are likely to account for disparities in application outcomes.

The Influence of Race in Residential Mortgage Closings

This study examines how applicants identified as Asian, Black or Hispanic differ in mortgage closing outcomes compared to the remaining applicants. First, the findings show that minority applicants are somewhat less likely to close a loan for purchase, but equally likely to close a loan for refinance. A more important question this study addresses is whether minority borrowers have less efficient closing outcomes. The findings show no statistical difference between minority and non-minority applicants. This indicates that originators do not demonstrate a ‘‘taste for discrimination’’ by basing their loan approval for minorities on whether the loan can be profitably sold.

Initial human capital distribution and long run income

This paper emphasizes the effects of an individual\u27s effort in study and his parental human capital in his human capital formation. It demonstrates the possibility of persistent income inequality even if education is completely free (e.g. completely pub1ic). It indicates that the initial parental human capital distribution determines subsequent human capital formation and occupational choice, and hence an economy\u27s long-run income distribution. This study also shows that, as a result of labor market discrimination, minorities are pushed to the two extremes of an economy\u27s income distribution, depending on the level of their initial parental human capital

Open Minds to Open Doors: How Dayton is Becoming More Inclusive

The city of Dayton, OH is a small-scale example of a problem facing our nation: the lack of understanding between different groups of people living in the same area, leading to a sense of separation and often exclusion. Frequently ostracized groups include immigrants or minorities and people living in impoverished conditions or in low-income areas. I will use class literature, historical documents, excerpts from the Facing Project Narratives in Dayton, and direct communication with community members to show the negative effects of these harsh divides between groups in Dayton. The goal of my poster is to increase awareness about this issue and to show that strides are being taken in our city to break down these barriers, foster unity, and enact social change. Programs such as The Longest Table, Welcome Dayton, and Peace Dayton will be discussed.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/stander_posters/2207/thumbnail.jp

Spartan Daily, November 30, 1984

Volume 83, Issue 60https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/7246/thumbnail.jp