On the microeconomic ingredients of competitiveness: efficiency, competition and differentiation

En este papel estudiamos los ingredientes principales que se consideran generalmente bajo concepto de la competitividad: la eficacia conectó a los costes de producción, de competición como medida de comportamiento y de diferenciación de producto; también consideramos el papel de las economías de la escala incluso si se consideran generalmente como variable tecnológica que afecta todas las firmas simétricamente. Deseamos determinar los efectos de estos "ingredientes" o de las fuentes de la competitividad en las variables relevantes del mercado en el equilibrio: precios, salida y beneficios. Nos centramos en la perspectiva de las decisiones firmes individuales de los revestimientos sobre competitividad y estudiamos los efectos de un movimiento tan unilateral. El marco del análisis es un modelo general del oligopoly con asimetrías en eficacia, la competición y la diferenciación. Pues esperado la eficacia de aumento es siempre una buena estrategia para la firma. Al menos aumentando el grado de competición y/o de diferenciación no sea siempre buenas estrategias para las firmas.

Models à La Lancaster and à La Hoteling: When they are the same

Consumer behavior in differentiated product markets can be specified following the Lancastriancharacteristics approach or following Hotelling´s approach of spatial competition. In the case ofunit demand I present a class of models of (heterogeneous) consumer behavior which can bewritten as models à la Lancaster as well as models à la Hotelling.Product differenciation, characteristics approach

From the Neutrino to the Edge of the Universe

Two recent findings necessitate a closer look at the existing standard models of Particle Physics and Cosmology. These are the discovery of Neutrino oscillation, and hence a non zero mass on the one hand and, on the other, observations of distant supernovae which indicate that contrary to popular belief, the universe would continue to expand for ever, possibly accelerating in the process. In this paper it is pointed out that relatively recent studies which indicate a stochastic, quantum vacuum underpinning and a fractal structure for space time, reconcile both of the recent observations, harmoniously.Comment: 15 pages, Te

The kinematics of the swing phase obtained from accelerometer and gyroscope measurements

The kinematics needed to calculate the knee moment during the initial swing phase were obtained from a set of eight leg-mounted uni-axial accelerometers and two gyroscopes. The angular and linear accelerations of shank and thigh were calculated from the signals of two accelerometers mounted on each of the leg segments directed tangentially and radially to the movement. The angular velocities of shank and thigh were measured by the gyroscopes. The absolute angles of shank and thigh were obtained by integration of the gyroscope signal plus an added offset angle, estimated from radial and tangential accelerometer signals registered while standing. Movement was assumed to be in the saggital plane. The accuracy of the quantities found from the leg mounted sensors was calculated in terms of correlation and the RMS error by comparing against measurements obtained by a VICONTM system. The results were indistinguishable. The system was later applied in research measurement