Allium compounds, dipropyl and dimethyl thiosulfinates, as antiproliferative and differentiating agents of human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines: Antiproliferative effects of thiosulfinates

There is increasing evidence that certain Allium derivatives have beneficial effects on coronary diseases and cancer. Thus, thiosulfinates have already been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and clot retraction. Here, we have examined the effects of dipropyl and dimethyl thiosulfinates against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. Both thiosulfinates inhibited proliferation of cell lines in a concentation-dependent fashion without inducing necrosis. Moreover, they inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein and its gelatinolytic activity. The mechanisms by which these molecules inhibit MMP9 are now studied using the RT-PCR approach. In parallel, the effects of the related molecules dipropyl and dimethyldisulfides are being evaluated. Already, our data highlight the potential application of such molecules to cancer control.International audienceEpidemiologic studies support the premise that Allium vegetables may lower the risk of cancers. The beneficial effects appear related to the organosulfur products generated upon processing of Allium. Leukemia cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) display high proliferative capacity and have a reduced capacity of undergoing apoptosis and maturation. Whether the sulfur-containing molecules thiosulfinates (TS), diallyl TS (All2TS), dipropyl TS (Pr2TS) and dimethyl TS (Me2TS), are able to exert chemopreventative activity against AML is presently unknown. The present study was an evaluation of proliferation, cytotoxicity, differentiation and secretion of AML cell lines (U937, NB4, HL-60, MonoMac-6) in response to treatment with these TS and their related sulfides (diallylsulfide, diallyl disulfide, dipropyl disulfide, dimethyl disulfide). As assessed by flow cytometry, ELISA, gelatin zymogaphy and RT-PCR, we showed that Pr2TS and Me2TS, but not All2TS and sulfides, 1) inhibited cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manner and this process was neither due to cytotoxicity nor apoptosis, 2) induced macrophage maturation, and 3) inhibited the levels of secreted MMP-9 (protein and activity) and TNF-? protein, without altering mRNA levels. By establishing for the first time that Pr2TS and Me2TS affect proliferation, differentiation and secretion of leukemic cel lines, this study provides the opportunity to explore the potential efficiency of these molecules in AML

Néhány gyógynövény florális nektáriumának szerkezete és szekréciós aktivitása, a nektár speciális metabolitjai = Structure and secretory activity of floral nectary, specific metabolites of the nectar in some medicinal plants

Részletesen bemutattuk a medvehagyma, a csattanó maszlag és az angyaltrombita nektármirigy szerkezetét. Ismertettük hat repcefajta és -hibrid, több maszlag faj, az angyaltrombita, és a medvehagyma nektárprodukcióját és a szekréció dinamikáját, figyelembe véve a virágzás szakaszait, a napszakokat és a virágok korát. A csattanó maszlag éjszakai nektárszekrécióját is bemutattuk. Az összes vizsgált taxonnál meghatároztuk a nektár cukorösszetételét, a szacharóz és a hexózok arányát, és az összcukortartalmat, rámutatva ezen jellemzők megporzásbiológiai és méhészeti jelentőségére is. Megkíséreltük a fő nektárcukrokon kívül a szekrétum minor komponenseinek kimutatását is, arra a kérdésre választ keresve, hogy az adott taxonra egyébként jellemző vegyületek kiválasztódnak-e a nektárba. Sem a nektárból, sem a mézből nem tudtuk kimutatni a repcéknél a káposztafélékre jellemző glükozinolátokat, a medvehagymánál pedig az alliin aminosavat. Csak néhány almafajtánál detektáltunk di- és triszacharidokat és polifruktánokat. A csattanó maszlag és angyaltrombita nektárjából sikerült kimutatni a burgonyafélékre jellemző alkaloidok közül a szkopolamint, ami toxikológiai szempontból jelentős. Megállapítottuk, hogy a ma termesztett repcéknél a korábbiaknál magasabb a nektár cukorértéke, így méhészeti szempontból értékesebbek. A nektár glükóz-fruktóz hányadosának meghatározása lehetővé teszi a nemesítés során a méz kristályosodására kevésbé hajlamos repcék szelektálását. | The nectary structure of Allium ursinum, Datura stramonium and Brugmansia suaveolens was described in detail. Nectar production and secretion dynamics was analysed in six oilseed rape cultivars and hybrids, several Datura species, B. suaveolens and A. ursinum, with special attention to bloom stage, time of day and flower age. The nocturnal nectar secretion of D. stramonium was also described. Nectar sugar composition, the ratio of sucrose and hexoses and total sugar content was determined in all studied taxa, analysing their pollination biological and apicultural significance. An attempt was made to detect the minor nectar components besides the main nectar sugars, in order to investigate if compounds characteristic to a given taxon are present also in the nectar. Glucosinolates, typical for Brassicaceae were not found either in the nectar or honey of rapes, similarly to the amino acid alliin in A. ursinum. Di- and trisaccharides and polyfructanes were detected only in few apple cultivars. From alkaloids characteristic to Solanaceae, scopolamine was detected in the nectar of D. stramonium and B. suaveolens, which is significant for toxicology. Nectar sugar and thus the apicultural value of currently grown rape cultivars was found to be higher compared to previously cultivated ones. Determining the glucose:fructose ratio of nectar enhances the selection of rapes with lower tendency for the granulation of honey

Antibiotic application and resistance in swine production in China: current situation and future perspectives

To meet increasing demand for animal protein, swine have been raised in large Chinese farms widely, using antibiotics as growth promoter. However, improper use of antibiotics has caused serious environmental and health risks, in particular Antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This paper reviews the consumption of antibiotics in swine production as well as AMR and the development of novel antibiotics or alternatives in China. The estimated application of antibiotics in animal production in China accounted for about 84240 tons in 2013. Overuse and abuse of antibiotics pose a great health risk to people through food-borne antibiotic residues and selection for antibiotic resistance. China unveiled a national plan to tackle antibiotic resistance in August 2016, but more support is needed for the development of new antibiotics or alternatives like plant extracts. Antibiotic resistance has been a major global challenge, so international collaboration between China and Europe is needed

DETERMINATION OF ALLICIN IN ALLIUM SATIVUM USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND STUDY OF GENOTOXIC EFFECT ON HUMAN LEUKOCYTES

Objectives: Allicin is an organosulfur compound featuring thiosulfinate functional group. The compound is formed in garlic after tissue damage, bythe action of enzyme alliinase on alliin. This study involves extraction of allicin from garlic using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) andstudy of it is the genotoxic effect on human leukocytes.Methods: A simple and rapid reverse phase HPLC was used for the extraction of allicin. Quality allicin, in conjugation with chymosin, was used tostudy its genotoxic effect on leukocytes.Results: Garlic oil and garlic extract showed similar retention time, and we measured the products using genotoxic effects in human leukocyte cultureand it shows statistically not significant.Conclusion: This study suggested that to take a lower concentration of garlic extracts benefits for health and these findings useful for further research.Keywords: Allium sativum, Leukocytes, Chromosome, Genotoxic, High-performance liquid chromatography

FORMULATION AND ASSESSMENT OF A HERBAL HAIR CREAM AGAINST CERTAIN DERMATOPHYTES

Objective: Developing an herbal antifungal formulation containing eruca and garlic oils against highly resistant dermatophytes (Malassezia fufur AUMC No. 5173, Microsporum canis bodin AUMC No. 5490 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes AUMC No. 5501. 5501) and assessment of garlic oil thiosulfonates during the ex vivo percutaneous permeation through albino rat skin.Methods: Assay of antifungal activity was performed by filter paper disc method and agar well diffusion method. The components of volatile constituents and fixed oil of eruca seeds were studied using GC/MS. Thiosulfinates in garlic oil were analyzed by HPLC/UV. Both oils were incorporated into hair cream using span 60 and brij 58 at three different concentrations (2, 4 and 6% w/w) and alliin, was ex vivo evaluated using albino rat skin mounted on Franz diffusion cells.Results: The two oils have a synergistic effect on the first and additive effect on the second and the third fungi. The main constituents in eruca are 4-(methyl thio) butyl isothiocyanate (82%) for volatile constituents and erucic acid (40%) for the fixed one. The highest flux for alliin (0.337±0.0015 mg/cm2/hr) was obtained at a 4% surfactant concentration.Conclusion: Combination of oils has a high activity on the selected dermatophytes. Formulation of an herbal hair cream using span 60 and Brij 58 with a concentration 4% gives the highest permeation rate for alliin in garlic oil.Keywords: Eruca, Garlic, Dermatophytes, Quantitative determination and Ex-vivo permeatio

Studies on causes and remedies for green discoloration of processed garlic foods

岩手大学博士（農学）doctoral thesi

SUDANESE EXPERIENCE OF HERBAL FORMULAS USED DURING COVID-19 INFECTION

Objectives: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is recent worldwide disaster which is considered by the WHO as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Method: A quick survey was done in Khartoum state for the commonly utilize herbs and the succeeded formulas, 652 people participated in this survey either they use these herbs for themselves or their relative use it during the symptoms of COVID-19. Results: A 652 people participated in the quick survey for the commonly utilized herbs & the succeeded formulas either they use these herbs for themselves or their relative use it during the symptoms of COVID-19. Other products used as additives include (honey,vinegar,sesame oil, olive oil and salt). Conclusion: Sudanese experience that various traditional herbs, usage and different route of administration can effectively alleviate primary symptoms e.g. fever, cough, fatigue and reduce probability of developing severe Conditions.                                   Peer Review History: Received: 8 September 2020; Revised: 7 October; Accepted: 20 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Hebatalla Ibrahim Ahmed Abdel Hameed, Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt [email protected] Dr. Mohamed Derbali, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia, [email protected] Similar Articles: THE RISKS AND ADVANTAGES OF ANTI-DIABETES THERAPY IN THE POSITIVE COVID-19 PATIENT EUCALYPTUS ESSENTIAL OIL; AN OFF-LABEL USE TO PROTECT THE WORLD FROM COVID-19 PANDEMIC: REVIEW-BASED HYPOTHESE