Reframing the EU budget- decision-making process

This paper traces the history of the EU budget and draws lessons for the review to come. Whatever reforms are proposed, the authors believe that they must serve to shift spending to policy areas and instruments where the EU can best add value while at the same time recognising the political need for member states to present EU budget negotiation results in Â?net-balanceâ?? terms. A two-stage negotiation is proposed: first member states should negotiate and agree on what constitute EU public goods. Everything else would thereafter - by default - be deemed redistributive/compensatory spending to be financed on the basis of member statesâ?? current overall net balances.

Decision-making process framework at the planning phase of housing development project

Every housing development project needs to go through several procedures which consist of a decision-making process. By practising the decision-making process since the planning phase, the relevant decision-maker is assisted in analysing and organising all issues arise such as the problem in identification and selection of a suitable contractor for housing development. However, the decisions are made without knowing precisely what will happen in the future. The research’s primary purpose is to develop a process model for decision-making at Malaysia’s housing development planning phase. This study also examines the decision-making process practised among Malaysian private housing developers at the planning phase and classifies four main aspects of decision-making: methods, tools, criteria and information. The study then discovers whether the four main aspects (methods, tools, criteria and information) are strongly related to the decision making process. This study comprises the development of a theoretical framework by integrating the models that have been developed by numerous authors and researchers on the subject of decision making. Besides, 67 private housing developers have been chosen as respondents for a questionnaire survey in this study. The descriptive statistical analysis and the correlated analysis are conducted employing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study show different findings for every four main aspects studied. However, it still answers the research objectives, and the relationship between the four main aspects of the decision-making process is accepted. This study is useful because it serves as a guide for private housing developers and governments in decision making at the planning phase of housing development. Moreover, this study provides a new process framework for decision making at the planning phase of housing development in Malaysia and assists housing developers and governments to make better predictions before proceeding to the construction phase

The UK association conference attendance decision-making process

This paper reports on research carried out into the consumer behaviour displayed by UK association conference delegates when deciding to attend a conference. Examination of the available literature suggested that there has been little investigation of the delegate's perspective on attending a conference, as most research into business events has traditionally been centred on the supply side particularly convention destination image, and association site selection. The paper found six underlying dimensions of the UK association conference delegate decision-making process - personal/professional development, networking opportunities, cost, location, time and convenience and health and wellbeing. Additionally, regression analysis showed that two of the dimensions (networking opportunities and cost) were significant predictors of intention to attend the conference again in the future

Analysis of a Group Decision-Making Process

The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of group decision and group thinking in the organization of a firm, taking as reference theoretical models and their practical applications. Organizational goals are often blocked by a pattern of thinking that develops within organizations. The article will also underline the importance of organizations' focusing on sub-goals, in order to reach, finally, to the desired result in the main goals of the organization.group decision, teamthinking, groupthinking, decision tree