Distance, dissimilarity index, and network community structure

We address the question of finding the community structure of a complex network. In an earlier effort [H. Zhou, {\em Phys. Rev. E} (2003)], the concept of network random walking is introduced and a distance measure defined. Here we calculate, based on this distance measure, the dissimilarity index between nearest-neighboring vertices of a network and design an algorithm to partition these vertices into communities that are hierarchically organized. Each community is characterized by an upper and a lower dissimilarity threshold. The algorithm is applied to several artificial and real-world networks, and excellent results are obtained. In the case of artificially generated random modular networks, this method outperforms the algorithm based on the concept of edge betweenness centrality. For yeast's protein-protein interaction network, we are able to identify many clusters that have well defined biological functions.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, REVTeX4 forma

The Role of Village Surveillance Officer to Prevent Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Dengue is a major public health problem in Indonesia. The program of elimination of mosquito breeding places is still low. This study was aimed to analyze the effectiveness of village surveillance officer for decrease container index. Study design was quasy experiment. The intervention included: community workshops; community involvement in clean-up campaigns; and distribution of information, education and communication materials in the village surveillans officer. Data were analyzed with t test, and path way analyzed. There is significantly differences knowdlege, attitude, behaviour, sanitation, and container index p<0.05. Based on the path analysis was concluded that village surveillance officer increased knowledge, attitude, behavior, sanitation and container index.Surveillance village officer is concluded to be more effectively decreased of larva index through comunity behavior. Surveillance village officer is important because it effectively the coverage of larva index through community behaviour participation

Pathways into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities : childhood experience, diagnostic information and offence variables

The patterns and pathways into intellectual disability (ID) offender services were studied through case file review for 477 participants referred in one calendar year to community generic, community forensic, and low, medium, and maximum secure services. Data were gathered on referral source, demographic information, index behavior, prior problem behaviors, diagnostic information, and abuse or deprivation. Community referrers tended to refer to community services and secure service referrers to secure services. Physical and verbal violence were the most frequent index behaviors, whereas contact sexual offenses were more prominent in maximum security. Age at first incident varied with security, with the youngest in maximum secure services. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or conduct disorder was the most frequently recorded diagnosis, and severe deprivation was the most frequent adverse developmental experience. Fire starting, theft, and road traffic offenses did not feature prominently. Generic community services accepted a number of referrals with forensic-type behavior and had higher proportions of both women and people with moderate or severe ID

2014 Silicon Valley Index

The Silicon Valley Index has been telling the Silicon Valley story since 1995. Released early every year, the Index is based on indicators that measure the strength of the economy and the health of the community -- highlighting challenges and providing an analytical foundation for leadership and decision making

Factors influencing the nematode community during composting and nematode-based criteria for compost maturity

Pilot studies indicate that shifts in the nematode species composition, life strategies and feeding behavior during composting appear to be fairly consistent and, therefore, promising as a potential tool to assess compost maturity. However, this has been only based on a limited number of, mainly, non-replicated observations. In this study, we tested whether the nematode community succession patterns are recurrent for parallel processes and assessed the relationship between the changes in the nematode community and potential important variables (i.e., temperature, duration of composting and the microbial community). The nematode and microbial community of three simultaneously running Controlled Farm Composting and a reference Green Waste composting process were analyzed through time. Bacterial-feeding enrichment opportunists were most numerous during and directly after the heat peaks. Subsequently, the bacterial-feeding/predator community dominated and the fungal-feeding nematodes became more dominant during maturation, confirming general community patterns from previous experiments. Nematode abundances significantly fluctuated with temperature and the relative abundance of fungal-feeding nematodes increased as the duration of the curing process increased. The amount of fungal-feeding nematodes was associated significantly with both duration of composting and temperature, and the F/(F + B) ratio was only significantly associated with duration of composting. Based on these results, and additional data from an industrial reference compost process and on available literature, a Nematode-based Index of Compost Maturity (NICM) is proposed, combining four nematode-based criteria (i.e., nematode abundance, F/(F + B) ratio, the presence of more than one fungal-feeding taxon and the presence of diplogasterids). Nevertheless, the NICM should be considered as work in progress which should be tested for a wider range of composts from diverse feedstock mixtures, locations (sites) and composting techniques, to validate the use of the index and allow more reliable interpretation of particular values of this index

Generative Roles: Assessing Sustained Involvement in Generativity

Abstract Generative roles refer to observable, behavioral community positions that embody aspects of teaching and nurturing that are central to the concept of generativity. Two studies are presented that describe generative roles in a community sample and provide psychometric data for a short index of generative roles. The first study also provides reliability and validity data from a second informant. The second study examines generative roles at different stages of adolescence and adulthood. Participants were asked 8 yes/no questions about a variety of community roles. The validity of the GRI was supported by significant correlations with the Loyola Generativity Scale, a widely used measure of generative concern (r=.33), and measures of related constructs. The correlations were similar across age categories. The Generative Roles Index has good psychometric qualities and complements existing measures of generativity by providing behavioral, observable data on roles

Professional practice attributes within public health nursing : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Nursing at Massey University

Modifiable organisational attributes that reflect a professional nursing practice environment are important determinants of both the experience of people who access health care services and the job satisfaction of nurses who work within health care organisations. Research relating to acute care settings, commonly known as the Magnet phenomenon has made an outstanding contribution to health sector knowledge by identifying features that attract and retain nurses, promote excellence in patient care, and achieve superior patient outcomes. These features have been studied by the Nursing Work Index Revised which measures attributes that reflect a professional nursing practice environment. More recently there has been an interest in the potential applicability of these attributes in the community setting. A recent study surveyed United States home health nurses and New Zealand district nurses to ascertain which of the Nursing Work Index Revised attributes were perceived by them as important to the support of their professional practice. In this study 92% of items previously tested in acute settings were considered important in community settings. This descriptive study extends the previous work by investigating how another group of primary health care nurses in New Zealand (public health nurses) perceive the importance of specific organisational attributes within their practice setting. The Nursing Work Index Revised was utilised and participants were asked to rate their agreement or disagreement with the importance and presence of 48 attributes on the Nursing Work Index Revised against a 4-point Likert scale. The findings of the study validate the use of the Nursing Work Index Revised as a tool in the community setting. The study's findings, implications for nursing practice, future research and the potential use of this tool to support the development of primary health care nursing in the New Zealand health sector is presented

Wealth, Social Capital and Happiness: The Case of Status Sensitive People

Sensitivity of sincere social communication to economic status disparity is incorporated into the construction of sincere social-capital index. The consideration of this index leads to the depiction of the happiness-wealth relationship as an inverted U-shaped curve that peaks at a larger than the average personal wealth. The deviation of the happiness-maximizing wealth from the community average is positively related to the ratio of the rates of return on wealth and sincere social capital and is compounded by the actual and desired community sizes and by the minimum sincere social capital associated with becoming the community’s ultimate wealth holder.Economic status disparity; Community size; Social capital; Interpersonal communication; Happiness.

Metropolitan Atlanta: Civic Health Index 2012

At The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta, we define philanthropy as the giving of time, talent and treasure. We know it takes philanthropy to build thriving communities. We know that thriving communities are engaged communities. They are communities that actively participate in philanthropy and civic engagement. At The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta, our mission is to strengthen our 23-county region by providing quality services to donors and innovative leadership on community issues. To accomplish this we have to know how involved metro Atlantans are in philanthropy and civic engagement.In 2012, we joined 20 other states and four other cities in producing an annual Civic Health Index. The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta has prepared this metro Atlanta focused summary on five data points from the 2012 Georgia Civic Health Index specific to metro Atlanta: participation in formal and informal volunteering; participation in groups; social connectedness; electoral participation; and political action. It is our hope that by knowing where we are as a region that we can understand where we need to go in mobilizing our nearly 5.5 million metro area residents to actively get involved in philanthropy and civic engagement to build a greater metro Atlanta