Metastatic Small Intestinal Cancer of the Urinary Bladder

We report an extremely rare case of small intestinal cancer metastasized to the urinary bladder, presenting a urologic symptom. A 41-year-old man first presented with nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Based on the clinical diagnosis of jejunal cancer, he underwent a partial resection of the jejunum with lymph node dissection. The pathological diagnosis was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the jejunum, pT4N0. Seventeen months after surgery, he presented with a gross hematuria. Computed tomographic scan showed wall thickening of the posterior wall of the urinary bladder. No tumor was found in other organs or lymph nodes. Based on histological and immunohistochemical analysis, the diagnosis of urinary bladder metastasis from jejunal adenocarcinoma was made. This is the first report of urinary bladder metastasis from small intestinal cancer. Although very rare, the possibility of metastatic small intestinal cancer should be considered in differential diagnosis in patients with adenocarcinoma involving the urinary bladder

Bovine papillomavirus: old system, new lessons?

No abstract available

Studies on the treatment of malignant tumors with fibroblast-inhibiting agent III. Effects of chloroquine on human cancers

A fibroblast-inhibiting agent, chloroquine, used in the treatment of animal tumors led to a reasonably good result, and this approach was extended to the treatment of human cancers. Of histologically proven 54 cases, the drug was effective in 38, ineffective in 15, and unknown in one. It proved to be effective in all the patients who were treated for over 2 months with exception of terminal patients. Of the various malignant tumors treated, excellent therapeutic effects were obtained in patients with carcinoma of the lung and bladder. In the cases where the drug was effective there were a decrease of the size of tumors, fall of serum lactic dehydrogenase, increase of necrosis, inhibition of the stroma, as well as improvement of the symptoms and general condition. As to the mechanisms of the drug action, it would be necessary to consider of its anti-inflammatory and humoral effects upon the host in addition to its inhibitory action on the stromal connective tissue of cancers. The present chloroquine treatment appears to have its indication in inoperable cases, and pre- and post-operative cases, and for the prevention of reccurrence of tumors. Studies are currently in progress in our laboratory to discover more potent fibroblastinhibiting agents and on the combined chemotherapy of chloroquine and other anti-turnor agents. We are indebted to the Department of Urology of our University for the generosity to allow us to use the clinical data on patients with cancer of the urinary bladder.</p

Schistosomiasis and Urinary Bladder Cancer in North Western Tanzania: A Retrospective Review of 185 Patients.

Worldwide, cancers of the urinary bladder are well known to be associated with environmental chemical carcinogens such as smoking and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These cancers are typically transitional cell carcinoma (urothelial carcinoma). In areas where schistosomiasis is endemic there is a high incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Schistosomiasis causes chronic granulomatous cystitis leading to squamous metaplasia of transitional epithelium, and subsequently development of squamous cell carcinoma. The western part of Tanzania on the shores of Lake Victoria is such an endemic area. This study was done to document the burden of urinary bladder cancer associated with schistosomiasis in this region. This was a descriptive retrospective study of histologically confirmed cases of urinary bladder cancer seen at the Department of Pathology Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) over a period of 10 years. Data were retrieved from the records of the Departments of Pathology, Medical Records and Surgery. Data were analyzed by the use of contingency tables. A total of 185 patients were diagnosed with cancer of the urinary bladder during the study period, where as 90 (48.6%) were males and 95 (51.4) were females. The mean age at diagnosis was 54.3 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type (55.1%), followed by conventional transitional cell carcinoma (40.5%). Eighty three of all cancer cases (44.9%) were found to have schistosomal eggs. Schistosomiasis was commonly associated with squamous cancers compared to non squamous cancers. Most of the cancers associated with schistosomiasis had invaded the muscularis propria of the urinary bladder at the time of diagnosis (p<0.001) and such cancers were frequent below 50 years of age with a significant statistical difference (p<0.001). Poorly differentiated tumors were more frequent in females than males with a significant statistical difference (p=0.006). The majority of urinary bladder cancers seen in the Lake Region were squamous cell carcinoma associated with schistosomiasis. These cancers showed an aggressive behavior and were commonly seen in the younger age groups. Effective control of schistosomiasis in this region should significantly reduce the burden of urinary bladder cancer

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in cancer of the urinary bladder by in situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of "high risk" human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Materials and Methods: The study included 10 biopsy specimens from male patients of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder for the detection of HPV DNA sequences. Specimens were collected from the Urology Clinic of the K.G. Medical College Hospital, Lucknow, India. Detection of HPV DNA was carried out by tissue in situ hybridisation (a single copy gene localisation method) using 3H-labelled HPV DNA probe and also by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques using primers to HPV 16 upstream regulatory region (URR). RESULTS--Out of 10 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, "high risk" HPV 16 DNA was detected only in one (10%) by using in situ hybridisation whereas two cases (20%) were found to be positive by polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the rare occurrence of HPV in bladder carcinoma may not have a causal relation with the viral infection

Adverse events following intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in Mater Dei Hospital, Malta

Introduction: Intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), following transurethral resection of bladder tumour, has been shown to reduce recurrence and progression in appropriately selected patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The aim of the study was to report the local incidence and range of adverse events experienced by patients managed with intravesical BCG. Methods: All patients who received at least one dose of intravesical BCG treatment at Mater Dei Hospital in 2014 were included in the study. A database including demographic, histological and chronological data, together with complication type, degree and treatment required was created. Patient medical files were reviewed and the patients were invited to take part in this audit via a telephone survey. Results: 55 patients satisfied inclusion criteria and were included in the study. 54 patients were documented to have had induction BCG, with maintenance BCG in 32 patients. 22 of these experienced at least 1 adverse event with BCG, whilst 33 had no complications. 1 patient had 3 adverse events, 7 patients had 2 adverse events and 14 patients had 1 complication. Most adverse events were considered to be mild or moderate in severity. Storage bladder symptoms accounted for most of these adverse events. No death as a consequence of intravesical BCG therapy was recorded. Conclusion: Intravesical BCG therapy remains one of the mainstay therapies in the management of bladder cancer. The majority of adverse effects recorded were self-limiting or easily treatable with oral analgesics or antibiotics.peer-reviewe

The FUSE binding proteins FBP1 and FBP3 are potential c-myc regulators in renal, but not in prostate and bladder cancer

BACKGROUND: The three far-upstream element (FUSE) binding proteins (FBP1, FBP2, and FBP3) belong to an ancient family of single-stranded DNA binding proteins which are required for proper regulation of the c-myc proto-oncogene. Whereas it is known that c-myc alterations play a completely different role in various carcinomas of the urogenital tract, the relevance of FBPs is unclear. Methods: FBP1, FBP3 and c-myc expression was studied in 105 renal cell, 95 prostate and 112 urinary bladder carcinomas by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. High rates of FBP1 and FBP3 expression were observed in all cancer types. RESULTS: There was a concomitant up-regulation of FBP1 and FBP3 in renal cell and prostate carcinomas (p<0.001 both). C-myc expression was detectable in 21% of prostate, 30% of renal and 34% of urothelial carcinomas. Interestingly, strong FBP1 and FBP3 expression was associated with c-myc up-regulation in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (p<0.001 and 0.05 resp.), but not in bladder or prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation between FBP1/FBP3, c-myc and high proliferation rate in renal cell carcinoma provides strong in vivo support for the suggested role of FBP1 and FBP3 as activators of c-myc. The frequent up-regulation of FBP1 and FBP3 in urothelial and prostate carcinoma suggests that FBPs also have an important function in gene regulation of these tumors