BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS AND FOOD QUALITY/SAFETY

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Automated monitoring of recovered water quality

Laboratory prototype water quality monitoring system provides automatic system for online monitoring of chemical, physical, and bacteriological properties of recovered water and for signaling malfunction in water recovery system. Monitor incorporates whenever possible commercially available sensors suitably modified

Hubungan Hygiene Sanitasi dengan Kualitas Bakteriologis Depot Air Minum (DAM) di Kabupaten Balangan

Drinking water depo (DAM) continues to increase in line with the dynamics of the community needs to drinking water. DAM water contamination can be caused by factor sanitation hygiene of the DAM. This research aims to determine of the relationshipbetweensanitary hygiene andbacteriological quality in the DAM. It is observational using cross sectional design. Thepopulation of this research was over all depo of drinking water in Balangan, while sample was takenby purposive sampling which has been determined based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research variables are location, building, production equipment, production process, sanitary facilities and bacteriological quality. The instrument used in this research was the observation sheets and laboratory tests. Data was analyzed by univariate, bivariate analysis using chi square test. The results showed from 41 DAM, there are 13 (31.7%) less sanitary conditions of hygiene, 17 (41.5%) is enough and 11 (26.8%) good, then quality of bakteriologis are 30 (73%) eligible and 11 (27%) not eligible. There is no relationship betwen locations (p = 0.698) and bacteriological quality, no relationship building (p=0.840) with the bacteriological quality, no relationship of production equipment (p=0.618) with the bacteriological quality, no relationship of production proces (p=0.986) with the bacteriological quality and there is no relationship of sanitation facilities (p=0.515) with bacteriological quality.The most of sanitation hygiene condition is notrelationshipto bacteriological quality of reffil drinking water depo

FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS AIR MINUM ISI ULANG DI KABUPATEN JEPARA

Air merupakan kebutuhan mutlak bagi kehidupan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Kebutuhan air dapat diatasi dengan mengembangkan usaha air minum isi ulang. Departemen Kesehatan sudah melakukan pengujian secara laboratorium contoh air hasil pengolahan DAMIU di Jakarta dan diperoleh gambaran cemaran bakteri Coliform berkisar 10 % - 20 %. Idealnya air minum tidak mengandung bakteri patogen, oleh karena itu pengujian bakteriologis air minum isi ulang merupakan upaya untuk mengetahui keamanan air minum sebelum dikonsumsi. Indikator yang digunakan adalah bakteri Coliform dan Fecal coli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi air baku, kondisi peralatan, proses pengolahan, kondisi higiene dan sanitasi depot serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang di Kabupaten Jepara. Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode Explanatory Research dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh depot air minum isi ulang yang ada di Kabupaten Jepara sebanyak 46 (empat puluh enam) DAMIU dan sampel yang digunakan adalah 28 sampel. Depot air minum isi ulang menggunakan sumber air baku dari mata air gunung Ungaran sebanyak 4 depot, mata air gunung Muria Kudus 10 depot, sumur artesis 13 depot dan PAM sebanyak 1 depot. Hasil pemeriksaan air baku yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 14,3 % atau 4 depot dan kualitas bakteriologis air minum yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 21,4 % atau 6 depot. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji chi square didapatkan tidak ada hubungan antara kondisi air baku dengan kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang (p value = 0,173 dan RP = 0,231), tidak ada hubungan antara kondisi peralatan dengan kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang (p value = 0,648 dan RP = 2,00), tidak ada hubungan antara proses pengolahan dengan kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang (p value = 0,655 dan RP = 1,733) dan ada hubungan antara kondisi higiene dan sanitasi depot dengan kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang (p value = 0,022 dan RP = 7,727). Inspeksi terhadap depot air minum isi ulang lebih ditingkatkan frekuensinya yaitu rutin memeriksakan air baku setiap tiga bulan sekali dan air yang siap diminum setiap satu bulan sekali. Kata Kunci: Kualitas bakteriologis, air minum isi ulang FACTORS RELATED TO BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF REFILL DRINKING WATER AT JEPARA REGENCY Water is an absolute needs for human being's life and other creatures. The needs of water may be fulfilled by developing refill drinking water business. The Health Department has carried out an experiment in the laboratory following the sample of water as the product of DAMIU at Jakarta and it is known that the Coliform bacteria contained in the water ranges from 10 % - 20 %. Ideally, drinking water doesn't contain pathogen bacteria, therefore the bacteriological experiment upon refill drinking water is an effort to find out the safety of drinking water before being consumed. The Indicator used in the experiment is the Coliform and Fecal coli bacteria. The aim of the research is to identify the condition of standard water, equipments condition, processing activity, hygiene condition and depot sanitation and to analyze some factors with the bacteriological quality of refill drinking water at Jepara Regency. The research is a kind of an Explanatory Research with cross sectional approach. The population of this research is all refill drinking water depots at Jepara Regency it's 46 (fourty six) of DAMIU and sample used in research is 28 samples. Refilled drinking water depot whom used raw water source from Ungaran Mount wellspring were 4 depots, Muria Kudus Mount wellspring were 10 depots, artesian well were 13 depots and PAM was 1 depot. The treatment result of bacteriological examination of raw water indicated 14,3 % or 4 depots was not comply to standard and bacteriological quality or drinking water which not comply to standard was 21,4 % or 6 depots. Then, the data was statistically analyzed using chi square test, and got there no a association between standard water condition with the bacteriological quality of refill drinking water (p value = 0,173 and RP = 0,231), there no a association between equipments condition with the bacteriological quality of refill drinking water (p value = 0,648 and RP = 2,00), there no a association between processing activity with the bacteriological quality of refill drinking water (p value = 0,655 and RP = 1,733) and there was a association between hygiene condition and depots sanitation with bacterilogical quality of refill drinking water ( p value = 0,022 and RP = 7,727). The inspection upon refill drinking water depot should be increased by routinely checking the standard water every three months and drinking water once a month. Keyword : Coliform, Fecal coliBacteriological quality, refill drinking water, Coliform, Fecal col

Springs of Florida

bulletin which documented the major and important springs in the state (Ferguson et al., 1947). This publication was revised in 1977, with many previously undocumented springs and many new water-quality analyses being added (Rosenau et al., 1977). The Florida Geological Survey's report on first magnitude springs (Scott et al., 2002) was the initial step in once again updating and revising the Springs of Florida bulletin. The new bulletin includes the spring descriptions and water-quality analyses from Scott et al. (2002). Nearly 300 springs were described in 1977. As of 2004, more than 700 springs have been recognized in the state and more are reported each year. To date, 33 first magnitude springs (with a flow greater than 100 cubic feet per second or approximately 64.6 million gallons of water per day) have been recognized in Florida, more than any other state or country (Rosenau et al., 1977). Our springs are a unique and invaluable natural resource. A comprehensive understanding of the spring systems will provide the basis for their protection and wise use. (Document pdf contains 677 pages

Fecal contamination of drinking-water in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: access to safe drinking-water is a fundamental requirement for good health and is also a human right. Global access to safe drinking-water is monitored by WHO and UNICEF using as an indicator “use of an improved source,” which does not account for water quality measurements. Our objectives were to determine whether water from “improved” sources is less likely to contain fecal contamination than “unimproved” sources and to assess the extent to which contamination varies by source type and setting.Methods and findings: studies in Chinese, English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish were identified from online databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, and grey literature. Studies in low- and middle-income countries published between 1990 and August 2013 that assessed drinking-water for the presence of Escherichia coli or thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) were included provided they associated results with a particular source type. In total 319 studies were included, reporting on 96,737 water samples. The odds of contamination within a given study were considerably lower for “improved” sources than “unimproved” sources (odds ratio [OR] = 0.15 [0.10–0.21], I2 = 80.3% [72.9–85.6]). However over a quarter of samples from improved sources contained fecal contamination in 38% of 191 studies. Water sources in low-income countries (OR = 2.37 [1.52–3.71]; p<0.001) and rural areas (OR = 2.37 [1.47–3.81] p<0.001) were more likely to be contaminated. Studies rarely reported stored water quality or sanitary risks and few achieved robust random selection. Safety may be overestimated due to infrequent water sampling and deterioration in quality prior to consumption.Conclusion: access to an “improved source” provides a measure of sanitary protection but does not ensure water is free of fecal contamination nor is it consistent between source types or settings. International estimates therefore greatly overstate use of safe drinking-water and do not fully reflect disparities in access. An enhanced monitoring strategy would combine indicators of sanitary protection with measures of water qualit

Hubungan Kualitas Sanitasi Lingkungan dan Bakteriologis Air Bersih terhadap Kejadian Diare pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal

Quality of sanitation in Puskesmas Adiwerna is still bad. Quality of bad environmental sanitation can cause various diseases such as diarrhea and become a problem in Indonesia, especially diarrhea in infants. One area that is still a high incidence of diarrhea which Tegal district with diarrhea Incidence Rate of 39.74 per 1000 population and Adiwerna Public Health Center has the highest Prevalence Rate infants in 2015 amounted to 20.64 per 100 infants. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship of environmental sanitation and bacteriological quality of water on the incidence of diarrhea in infants in Adiwerna Public Health Center. This study used cross sectional design with the kind of analytical observation. The population is all children under five by 2015 as many as 4320 with a total sample of 42 respondents drawn by simple random sampling. Data were obtained from interviews and observations are then analyzed with chi square. Univariate analysis showed there were 54.8% incidence of diarrhea. There are toilets to 69.0%, 50.0% garbage disposal facilities, SPAL 76.1%, and 78.6% bacteriological quality of water is not eligible. Incidence of diarrhea has a significant relationship with latrine facility conditions, SPAL, and the bacteriological quality of the water (p = 0.02, p = 0.03 and p = 0.02) and was not associated with garbage disposal facilities (p = 0.063). In conclusion latrine facility conditions, SPAL, and the bacteriological quality of water associated with the incidence of diarrhea in infants in Adiwerna Public Health Center

North Slope Borough water study: a background for planning

The Planning and Research Section of Alaska Dept. of Natural Resources initiated this pilot water study with the North Slope Borough and the University of Alaska's Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center and Institute of Water Resources. Traditional and present water uses in the eight North Slope Borough villages are examined to assist in evaluating and planning for present and future water use, treatment, and disposal requirements.Prepared for Alaska Department of Natural Resources Planning and Research Sectio

Comparative algological and bacteriological examinations on biofilms developed on different substrata in a shallow soda lake

According to the European Water Framework Directives, benthic diatoms of lakes are a tool for ecological status assessment. In this study, we followed an integrative sample analysis approach, in order to find an appropriate substratum for the water qualification-oriented biomonitoring of a shallow soda lake, Lake Velencei. Six types of substrata (five artificial and one natural), i.e., andesite, granite, polycarbonate, old reed stems, Plexiglass discs and green reed, were sampled in May and in November. We analysed total alga and diatom composition, chlorophyll a content of the periphyton, surface tension and roughness of the substrata and carbon source utilisation of microbial communities. Water quality index was calculated based on diatom composition. Moreover, using a novel statistical tool, a self-organising map, we related algal composition to substratum types. Biofilms on plastic substrates deviated to a great extent from the stone and reed substrata, with regard to the parameters measured, whereas the biofilms developing on reed and stone substrata were quite similar. We conclude that for water quality monitoring purposes, sampling from green reed during springtime is not recommended, since this is the colonization time of periphyton on the newly growing reed, but it may be appropriate from the second half of the vegetation period. Stone and artificially placed old reed substrata may be appropriate for biomonitoring of shallow soda lakes in both spring and autumn since they showed in both seasons similar results regarding all measured features