推荐一个基础有机化学新实验——微波辐射合成肉桂酸酯

推荐一个基础有机化学实验———微波辐射合成肉桂酸酯,即在常压条件下以肉桂酸和醇为原料,浓硫酸为催化剂,利用微波辐射技术快速合成肉桂酸甲酯、乙酯及丙酯,收率可达91%～95.2%

Purification of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Characterization of Their Oxygen-Containing Surface Groups

Corresponding author. Email: [email protected].[中文文摘]用兼具酸性和氧化性的HNO3水溶液可方便地除去残留在原生态多壁碳纳米管(CNT)上的Ni-MgO催化剂组分,同时在其表面产生某些含氧官能团,使原生态多壁碳纳米管的疏水性表面变为亲水性表面.采用Boehm中和滴定法以及X射线衍射(XRD)、热脱附谱(TPD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对HNO3处理过的多壁碳纳米管的相组成和表面含氧官能团进行测量和表征.结果表明:所生成表面含氧官能团的总量以经7.0mol·L-1硝酸378K处理24h的CNT为最高;3种主要表面含氧官能团的含量高低顺序为,羧基>内酯型羧基>酚型羟基.[英文文摘]We conveniently removed the Ni-MgO catalyst components from an as-grown multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) using an aqueous HNO3 solution with strong acidity and oxidizability as a purifying reagent. Some oxygen-containing surface groups were generated at the CNT surface, which converted the hydrophobic surface into a hydrophilic surface. The phase composition and the oxygen-containing surface groups of the CNTs treated by nitric acid were determined and characterized using Boehm′s neutralizing titration method and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The results indicated that the total content of the formed oxygen-containing surface groups was the highest for the CNTs treated with 7.0 mol·L-1 aqueous HNO3 at 378 K for 24 h. The content of the three major oxygen-containing surface groups was: carboxyl>lactonic carboxyl>phenolic hydroxyl.国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973)(2009CB939804);福建省重大科技专项专题项目(2009HZ0002-1

非诺贝特对小鼠急性局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的研究非诺贝特(fenofibrate,Fen)对小鼠急性局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法线栓法制备小鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型,缺血90 min后再灌注。非诺贝特(10,80 mg.kg-1)再灌注同时及再灌后2 h各灌胃给药1次。再灌注后24 h,测定小鼠神经功能缺失评分、脑梗死体积及脑水肿程度,实时逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)mRNA的表达水平,生化法测定脑组织丙二醛(maiondialdehyde,MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的活性,伊文思蓝(Evans blue,EB)法观察血脑屏障破坏程度;应用过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α拮抗剂MK886(10 mg.kg-1),观察过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α是否参与非诺贝特的脑保护作用。结果非诺贝特(80 mg.kg-1)可改善小鼠神经功能缺失,减小脑梗死体积,减轻脑水肿程度,减少脑缺血后脑内伊文思蓝的渗漏,上调脑损伤后脑内过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体αmRNA的表达,减轻脑组织的脂质过氧化。MK886可拮抗非诺贝特的保护作用。结论非诺贝特可通过上调过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体αmRNA表达、减轻脂质过氧化损伤而对小鼠急性局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤发挥保护作用

Exploration of Advanced Cultivation Mode for"Top-Notch Undergraduate Education"in Laboratory Teaching of Basic Organic Chemistry

近几年,为适应'拔尖创新人才培养建设项目'的新要求,基础有机化学实验教学在培养拔尖创新人才方面进行了一些有益的探索,其中成果与不足并存。本文从培养目标、培养模式、评价模式、不足之处、成效与展望5个方面,总结并探讨了基础有机化学实验中'拔尖计划'学生的进阶培养模式。2016年度教育部“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”研究课题;国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1310024);厦门大学教学改革研究项

甲烷在流态化催化剂床裂解生长多壁碳纳米管

在常压、823～873K、流化床反应条件下,用自行研制的Ni0.5Mg0.5O催化剂,催化甲烷分解生长碳纳 米管(CNTs),考察催化剂床层由固定床过渡到流化床状态的条件及其对制管过程的影响。结果表明,在 Φ32mm管式反应器及相应供热工况条件下,其流化床操作条件以管壁温度控制在约853K、原料气CH4线速 v为18～22cm/s、空速GHSV为3×104～6×104mL(STP) CH4/(h·g)为宜;反应1.0h,最高产率达 10g CNTs/g,这相当于固定床将制管反应时间延长至4～5h的产率水平。所得CNTs产物经TEM、SEM、 TPH、XRD和LRS等测试技术表征。结果表明,其为多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs),外管径在10～50nm范围;纯 化后的CNTs产物含碳量≥99.5%,石墨状碳含量≥90%

H_2在K~0-MWCNTs上储存和吸附/脱附特性研究

利用高压容积法辅以卸压升温脱附排水法,测定金属K修饰多壁碳纳米管对H2的吸附储存容量.结果表明,在室温(25℃),7.25MPa实验条件下,x%K0-MWCNTs(x%=30%～35%,质量百分数)对H2的吸附储存容量可达3.80wt%(质量百分数),是相同条件下单纯MWCNTs氢吸附储量的2.5倍;室温下卸至常压的脱附氢量为3.36wt%(占总吸附氢量的～88%),后续升温至673K的脱附氢量为0.41wt%(占总吸附氢量的～11%).利用LRS和H2-TPD-GC/MS等谱学方法对H2/K0-MWCNTs吸附体系的表征研究表明,H2在K0-MWCNTs上吸附存在非解离(即分子态)和解离(即原子态)两种吸附态;在≤723K温度下,H2/K0-MWCNTs体系的脱附产物几乎全为H2气;723K以上高温脱附产物不仅含H2,也含有CH4,C2H4和C2H2等C1/C2-烃

“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”中的有机模块化实验探索

近年来,我们以"拔尖创新人才培养建设项目"为平台,对基础有机化学实验教学改革进行了多方的探索。从实验的目标、模块设计、模块构建以及经验教训与展望四个方面,对"拔尖计划"有机模块化实验进行了探讨和反思。2018年“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”研究课题(20180709)国家基础科学人才培养基金(J1310024

Study of storage and adsorption/desorption characteristics of H-2 on MWCNTs modified by metal potassium

Storage capacity of H-2 in a kind of potassium-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes, K-0-MWCNTs, was measured by using high-pressure volumetric method combined with desorption water-displacement method. It was experimentally shown that appropriate incorporation of a certain amount of metallic potassium into the MWCNTs could significantly increase the storage capacity of hydrogen. Under conditions of 7.25 MPa and ambient temperature, H-2 uptake of 3.8 wt% could be achieved by the x%K-0-MWCNTs (x%=30%-35%, mass percentage), which was 2.5 times as high as that by the KO-free MWCNTs under the same conditions. It was also indicated that adsorption of 99% of the H2 was reversible, and that 88% of the stored hydrogen (equalling storage capacities of 3.36 wt%) could be desorbed while the pressure was relieved to atmospheric pressure and similar to 11% of the stored hydrogen (equalling storage capacities of 0.41 wt%) was desorbed in the following process of elevating temperature from room temperature to 673 K. The Raman-spectroscopic and TPD-MS/GC investigations of the H-2/K-0-MWCNTs adsorption systems showed that adsorption of H-2 on the MWCNTs could occur in associative and dissociative forms, with the observed v(s)(C-H) for CH2, v(C-H) for CH and v(H-H) for H-2 (a) at 2856, 3228 and 3946 cm(-1), respectively, and that H-2 Was the predominant products desorbed at temperatures lower than 723 K, whereas in addition to H-2, light hydrocarbons such as CH4, C2H4, C2H2, etc. were also involved in the products desorbed at temperatures higher than 723 K

甲酸甲酯的气相合成及其氢解为甲醇的研究

学位：理学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：xy00002

Synthesis of 3-α-furanacrylic Acid with Phase Transfer Catalyst

报道了以氟化钾为碱,聚乙二醇为相转移催化剂,对3 α 呋喃基丙烯酸的合成工艺进行了改进,同时对影响产率诸因素进行考察,确定了最佳反应条件.With PEG as phase transfer catalyst and potassium fluoride as base, the synthesis of 3αfuranacrylic acid was studied. The best reaction conditions were determined as follows: the ratio of reactants is n(furaldehyde)∶n(acetic anhydride)∶n(potassium fluoride)=1∶3∶1(mol); the amount of PEG is 2.5% of furaldehyde; reaction time is 1.5 h; reaction temperature is 150 ℃. The yield of 3αfuranacrylic acid is up to 83.4%. The IR spectrum of 3αfuranacrylic acid was in accord with the standard spectra of a authentic sample