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A New Heroine: Transforming the Public Image of the Army Nurse During World War II
In the wake of the Great Depression, the United States found itself propelled into a world war of unimaginable proportions. Apart from its major political and economic consequences, the Second World War also considerably altered the role of American women in society. Mobilization brought millions of women into the paid labor force, and many of these women chose to serve as army nurses. With the highest female salaries of the time, it made sense that nursing became an attractive occupation for young women seeking an education and opportunities to travel. WWII ultimately accentuated the heroic characteristics of the army nurse and subtly transformed her image in wartime media. Media portrayals of WWII army nurses differed considerably from previously constructed angelic images of nursing during WWI, and she now came to be portrayed as a dignified heroine of war. The transformation in nursing’s public image partially stemmed from the American government’s dedication to increasing nursing supply and improving nursing education. These efforts were bolstered by patriotic portrayals of nurses in documentaries, newspaper articles, and Hollywood motion pictures of the 1930s and 1940s. Though these novel portrayals of army nursing did not completely reject traditional feminine sentiments, they did encourage the American public to reevaluate popular perceptions of the female role in society. In the context of the sexualization and feminization of nursing in recent years, this paper will seek to explore the fundamental transformations to nursing’s public image during the Second World War and their lasting impacts on the nursing profession
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Defining a Matrix Language in Language Mixing
Researchers of bilingual code-switching often assume that one of the participating languages
serves as the ‘base’ or ‘matrix’ into which elements of the other language are embedded.
However, the means by which the matrix language of a clause or extended discourse is
determined remains much debated: Is has been variously associated with the numerical
frequency of lemmas, with the predominant closed class or functional morphemes, or with the
first language in a left-to- right parsing, oftentimes with contradictory results. The matrix
language of “Being bilingüe is más sexy” would be either Spanish or English, depending on the
language annotation of sexy; but it would be unambiguously English, as established by the
gerund and copula or by its initial ordering in the surface string.
Accurate identification of the matrix language for bilingual text or speech is important for
linguists because it is proposed to be predictive of the grammatical constraints that are
observed in code-switching. And, in natural language processing, detection of the matrix
language can inform the selection of tools as researchers seek to analyze mixed-language data,
which is ever increasing. This poster presentation demonstrates several metrics for easily
quantifying and visualizing the matrix language, at various levels of analysis, in ways that are
valid and replicable. The metrics were developed by the Bilingual Annotations Tasks (BATs)
research group, an interdisciplinary cohort directed by Professors Bullock and Toribio and MA
candidate Gualberto Guzmán.Linguistic
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