Potret Pelabuhan Sofifi Tidore Kepulauan Tahun 1975-2010

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perkembangan Pelabuhan Sofifi, baik perkembangan fisik maupun bongkar muat barang. Pelabuhan Sofifi merupakan salah satu pelabuhan yang menghubungkan pulau Halmehara dengan pulau Ternate dan Tidore. Metode yang digunakan bersifat studi dokumen sebagai sumber utama, berlandasaskan pada kebutuhan data sekunder maupun primer yang ada pada kantor Dinas Perhubungan Kota Ternate. Pelabuhan Sofifi dibangun pada tahun 1975, namun terlihat aktif setelah dibangun kembali pada tahun 1982 oleh Pemerintah Desa Sofifi. Pelabuhan Sofifi dibangun kembali pada tahun 2006-2010 oleh Pemerintah Kota Tidore Kepulauan. Barang-barang komoditi yang diangkut di Pelabuhan Sofifi di antaranya cengkih, pala, kopra, coklat, ubi, pisang, dan buah-buahan. Adapun barang yang di bongkar yaitu, barang-barang industri seperti semen, besi, gula, beras, tepung, dan barang-barang produksi lainnya. Perkembangan pengangkutan dan bongkar barang setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan namun pada tiga tahun terakhir aktivitas pengangkutan dan bongkar barang mengalami penurunan karena beroperasinya kapal feri yang menyebabkan aktivitas kapal motor kayu sebagai sarana transportasi mengalami kemerosotan

Money Velocity in an Endogenous Growth Business Cycle with Credit Shocks

The explanation of velocity has been based in substitution and income effects, since Keynes’s (1923) interest rate explanation and Friedman’s (1956) application of the permanent income hypothesis to money demand. Modern real business cycle theory relies on a goods productivity shocks to mimic the data’s procyclic velocity feature, as in Friedman’s explanation, while finding money shocks unimportant and not integrating financial innovation explanations. This paper sets the model within endogenous growth and adds credit shocks. It models velocity more closely, with significant roles for money shocks and credit shocks, along with the goods productivity shocks. Endogenous growth is key to the construction of the money and credit shocks since they have similar effects on velocity, through substitution effects from changes in the nominal interest rate and in the cost of financial intermediation, but opposite effects upon growth, through permanent income effects that are absent with exogenous growth.Velocity, business cycle, credit shocks, endogenous growth.

Money Velocity in an Endogenous Growth Business Cycle with Credit Shocks

The paper sets the neoclassical monetary business cycle model within endogenous growth, adds exchange credit shocks, and finds that money and credit shocks explain much of the velocity variation. The role of the shocks varies across sub-periods in an intuitive fashion. Endogenous growth is key to the construction of the money and credit shocks since these have similar effects on velocity, but opposite effects upon growth. The model matches the data's average velocity and simulates well velocity volatility. Its Cagan-like money demand means that money and credit shocks cause greater velocity variation the higher is the nominal interest rate.Velocity, business cycle, credit shocks, endogenous growth.

A Banking Explanation of the US Velocity of Money: 1919-2004

The paper shows that US GDP velocity of M1 money has exhibited long cycles around a 1.25% per year upward trend, during the 1919-2004 period. It explains the velocity cycles through shocks constructed from a DSGE model and annual time series data (Ingram et al., 1994). Model velocity is stable along the balanced growth path, which features endogenous growth and decentralized banking that produces exchange credit. Positive shocks to credit productivity and money supply increase velocity, as money demand falls, while a positive goods productivity shock raises temporary output and velocity. The paper explains such velocity volatility at both business cycle and long run frequencies. With filtered velocity turning negative, starting during the 1930s and the 1987 crashes, and again around 2003, results suggest that the money and credit shocks appear to be more important for velocity during less stable times and the goods productivity shock more important during stable times.business cycle, credit shocks, velocity and volatility

The hatching results of Hungarian speckled hens in a genetic preserved stock in Hungary

In the pilot farm of Szeged University Faculty of Agriculture we keep two varieties of the Hungarian speckled hen, the feathered-neck variant and the bare-neck type since 1977. The three colour variations of the domestic hen species were bred from the Hungarian lea-land bird by the middle of the 20th Century. Because of the spread of intensive poultry keeping the population of this species has become endangered. Programs supporting ecological-biological farming that began in the last two decades placed the domestically bred birds in the forefront both as purebreds and as candidates in projects for developing merchandisable biopoultry. Beside the gene preservation, we endeavour to find the best way for the production-purpose utilisation of the speckled hen stock. On the basis of our experiments the laying hens can be used in small scale egg production. We examined the hatching results of both type of speckled hens, during more than 20 generations

Potential Output Estimations for Hungary: A Survey of Different Approaches

This paper is a comprehensive analysis of Hungary’s potential output. Since the concept of potential output is not unique, we present various interpretations of potential GDP, along with a large set of techniques for estimating it. Various estimates are presented and robustness analyses are performed. Finally, an illustrative scenario is outlined for the forthcoming few years.potential output, output gap, production function, business cycle, filtering.