Chain Digitisation Maturity and Its Determinants: A Dutch CIO Survey and Case Study

Interorganisational or chain information systems have become a frequent subject of scientific research, but not often an empirical perspective on these systems is taken. In this study we develop a model for measuring the chain digitisation maturity of organisations and validate it by conducting a survey among 33 CIOs. In addition, one of the responses is further investigated through a case study. Based on the survey data, three determinants, namely (i) complexity of chain digitisation solutions, (ii) synchronisation of data and (iii) the size of the organisation, appear to be correlated with chain digitisation maturity. This is confirmed by the case study, which also provides a deeper understanding of alignment of technology and organisation on the one hand, and the supply and demand chain partners on the other. We conclude that the topic of chain digitisation alignment deserves further research, as does its situationality for profit and non-profit organisations

The influence of repeated injections on pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of different types of sterically stabilized immunoliposomes

AbstractSterically stabilized immunoliposomes (IL) with diameters of about 135 nm carrying mouse IgG, either coupled directly to the liposome surface, or linked to the terminal ends of grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains by a recently described conjugation procedure (Cyanur-PEG-PE), were intravenously injected into rats and the elimination kinetics and biodistribution were determined and compared with control liposomes. The amounts of conjugated antibodies were about 30 μg/μmol total lipid for all IL. In naive rats, plain pegylated liposomes displayed the longest blood circulation time, whereas the terminal-coupled IL exhibited the fastest elimination. Liposomes containing the underivatized anchor molecules circulate nearly as long as plain pegylated liposomes, indicating that the fast elimination of the IL can be attributed to the presence of antibodies.A second injection of identical liposomes 14 days after the first injection had a considerable influence on the pharmacokinetic parameters of the liposomes. The circulation time of plain pegylated liposomes drastically dropped by half and their uptake by the liver increased concomitantly, indicating that the PEG, upon repeated injection, ceases to function as an efficient barrier reducing opsonization and/or immune reactions. The circulation time of conventional IL was moderately reduced upon a second injection, whereas that of the terminally coupled IL was nearly unaffected. These differences among the IL demonstrate that the pharmacokinetic behavior of IL is strongly dependent on the antibody conjugation site on the liposome. The observed effects of repeated injections were similar for liposomes of 90-nm diameter. The phenomena described may have important implications for the repeated application of IL as drug carriers

Revenue Optimization for the Ocean Grazer Wave Energy Converter through Storage Utilization

Increased penetration of renewable energy generation motivates a change of paradigm in the way power systems are structured and operated, as advocated by the smart grid concept. Accordingly, in this paper we investigate the lossless storage capabilities of the Ocean Grazer wave energy converter (WEC), which could facilitate the aforementioned paradigm shift. This specific WEC exhibits both adaptability with respect to the incoming waves and significant lossless storage capabilities. We propose a model predictive control (MPC) strategy based on a lumped dynamical model in order to mitigate power imbalances in the power grid and maximize the revenue of the WEC. Furthermore, we illustrate that the proposed strategy exploits the WEC energy storage capabilities and we show the economic benefits it brings. Lastly, the proposed strategy is compared with a heuristic approach and a setting without storage

Frequency-Domain Hydrodynamic Modelling of Dense and Sparse Arrays of Wave Energy Converters

In this work, we develop a frequency-domain model to study the hydrodynamic behaviour of a floater blanket (FB), i.e., an array of floater elements individually connected to power take-off (PTO) systems, which constitutes the core technology of the novel Ocean Grazer (OG) wave energy converter (WEC). The boundary element method open-source code NEMOH is used to solve the scattering and radiation problem. The aforementioned floater elements that comprise the FB are mechanically interconnected via (cylindrical, revolutional or spring) joints, which add extra constraint equations to the multibody problem. Various scenarios are investigated to understand the hydrodynamic response of the FB. The variation of the capture factor, PTO damping coeffcients, q-factor and response amplitude operator (RAO) of each scenario are analysed, in order to quantify the device performance. A new concept based on a negative-stiffness spring joint is proposed to increase the energy output of the FB. Attention is also paid to the anti-resonance that is found in the numerical simulations. This study provides further insight into the hydrodynamic behaviour of dense or sparse, interconnected arrays of WECs, which is fundamental for the design and optimisation of the OG-WEC

A Fourier Approximation Method for the Multi-Pump Multi-Piston Power Take-Off System

In this work, a frequency-domain method for the numerical solution of the nonlinear dynamics of a wave energy converter with a pumping system is presented. To this end, a finite Fourier series is used to describe the nonlinear force components, i.e., the pumping force. The dynamics of the buoy and the piston are obtained by solving a set of linear motion equations. The numerical model is validated by comparing it with experimental results. The dynamic characteristics of the pumping system are investigated by performing a series of numerical simulations for several approximation orders under various wave conditions. The advantages and limitations of this method are also discussed in the paper. This work provides great insight into the mechanism of a WEC with a pumping unit under various sea states, which can guide the design of a multi-piston pump (MPP) system. This model will be applied to investigate the optimal configuration for the MPP system in the futur