Formulation Development and Evaluation of Aqueous Injection of Poorly Soluble Drug Made by Novel Application of Mixed Solvency Concept

It is commonly recognized in the pharmaceutical industry that on average more than 40% of newly discovered drug candidates are poorly water-soluble. The objective of present research is to explore the application of mixed solvency technique in the injection formulation of poorly soluble drugs and to reduce concentration of individual solubilizers (used for solubility enhancement) to minimize the toxic effects of solubilizers. In the present work poorly soluble drugs Ofloxacin are selected as model drugs. Ofloxacin is an antibiotic drug tried to formulate the aqueous injection by the use of various physiologically compatible solubilizing agent like Lignocaine Hydrochloride, Niacinamide, Sodium benzoate, Sodium citrate, PEG 400, PEG 4000, PVP 40000, Ethanol, and Propylene Glycol. For expected synergistic enhancement effect on solubility of these poorly soluble drugs various blends of solubilizers shall be tried to decrease the amounts of Solubilizer employed for a desired solubility enhancement ratio. The study further opens the chances of preparing dry powders for injection of drug which are not stable in aqueous solution, ready to use injection. Key word- Mixed solvency solubilization, Ofloxacin, solubility enhancement, synergistic enhancement effect

EVALUATION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF NASAL SPRAY

Nasal drug delivery has now been recognized as a very promising route for delivery of therapeutic compounds including biopharmaceuticals. This route is also advisable for drugs undergoing extensive first pass effect. The present article highlights the evaluation parameters of nasal spray, suspension, and solutions. While formulating the nasal drug delivery formulations various parameters are to be consider such as Appearance, Color, and Clarity, Identification, Drug content (Assay), Impurities and Degradation Products, Preservative(s) and Stabilizing Excipient(s) Assay, Pump Delivery, Spray content uniformity, Spray Content Uniformity (SCU) through Container Life, Spray Pattern and Plume Geometry, Droplet Size Distribution, Particle size distribution (suspension),  Microscopic Evaluation (Suspensions), Foreign Particulates,  Microbial limit,  Preservative Effectiveness, Net Content and Weight Loss (Stability), Leachables (Stability), PH, Osmolality.   Key words: Nasal spray, Evaluation, Quality control, Drug delivery system

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT & EVALUATION OF EFFERVESCENT TABLET OF ALENDRONATE SODIUM WITH VITAMIN D3

Alendronate sodium is a bisphosphonates which has antiresorptive effect which is implicated in the prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to formulate effervescent tablet of Alendronate sodium with Vitamin D3 against osteoporosis thereby improving patient compliance.                                                                                                                          As per revised definition proposed to US FDA, Effervescent tablet is a tablet intended to be dissolved or dispersed in water before administration.         Effervescent tablets were formulated using citric acid and sodium bicarbonate as effervescent composition by wet granulation. The drug-excipient compatibility study done by DSC & FTIR analysis and it reveals absence of interaction between the drug and excipients. The flowability study of precompression blend shows good flow properties. Formulation was evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, solution time, pH of solution & content uniformity. All the evaluation parameters were within the limit and complies specifications as per U.S.P. & B.P. From the Stability analysis may be inferred that there was no degradation and change in the formulation.                                                                                                                                                  The Effervescent tablet of Sodium Alendronate and Vitamin D3 is a new pharmaceutical formulation to be taken orally and offering a considerable advantage: avoidance of gastro-intestinal disorders, to the limits of the possible. As compared to the pure drug and marketed tablet, this formulation displayed significantly effective in the oral osteoporosis treatment in post menopausal women

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Aqueous Injection of Poorly Soluble Drug Made by Novel Application of Mixed Solvency Concept

It is commonly recognized in the pharmaceutical industry that on average more than 40% of newly discovered drug candidates are poorly water-soluble. The objective of present research is to explore the application of mixed solvency technique in the injection formulation of poorly soluble drugs and to reduce concentration of individual solubilizers (used for solubility enhancement) to minimize the toxic effects of solubilizers. In the present work poorly soluble drugs Ofloxacin are selected as model drugs. Ofloxacin is an antibiotic drug tried to formulate the aqueous injection by the use of various physiologically compatible solubilizing agent like Lignocaine Hydrochloride, Niacinamide, Sodium benzoate, Sodium citrate, PEG 400, PEG 4000, PVP 40000, Ethanol, and Propylene Glycol. For expected synergistic enhancement effect on solubility of these poorly soluble drugs various blends of solubilizers shall be tried to decrease the amounts of Solubilizer employed for a desired solubility enhancement ratio. The study further opens the chances of preparing dry powders for injection of drug which are not stable in aqueous solution, ready to use injection. Key word- Mixed solvency solubilization, Ofloxacin, solubility enhancement, synergistic enhancement effect

An inclusive approach to designing a multi-epitope chimeric vaccine for Taenia infections by integrating proteomics and reverse vaccinology

BackgroundSoil- and water-transmitted helminths are a major concern in the developing world due to their high prevalence. More than a quarter of the population were estimated to be infected with helminths in these endemic zones.Research designAn in silico approach was used to design a vaccine construct against the Taenia genus utilizing the proteomic information and evaluation of the construct using immune-informatics.ResultsOur study identified 451 conserved proteins in Taenia spp. using the existing proteome; out of these, 141 were found to be expressed in cysticerci. These proteins were screened for antigenic epitopes and a multi-subunit vaccine was constructed. The constructed vaccine was assessed for its efficacy in mounting the appropriate immune response. Our constructed vaccine showed stability and optimal performance against the TLR 4 receptor, which is reported to be upregulated in Taenia infections in hosts.ConclusionImmune-informatics tools help design vaccines for neglected diseases such as those attributed to helminths, which are known to cause widespread morbidity. Our vaccine construct holds tremendous potential in conferring protection against all Taenia spp. of clinical relevance to human

Transdermal Delivery by Iontophoresis

Recently there has been an increased interest in using iontophoretic technique for the transdermal delivery of medications, both ionic and nonionic. This article is an overview of the history of iontophoresis and factors affecting iontophoretic drug transfer for the systemic effects and laws for development of Transdermal delivery system are discussed

Proportion of total parasite cells observed with spindle and subpellicular microtubules in control and treated parasite population.

<p>Proportion of total parasite cells observed with spindle and subpellicular microtubules in control and treated parasite population.</p

Controls: Treatment of <i>P. falciparum</i> with antimitotic drugs.

<p>Microtubule stabilizing and destabilizing compounds exert contrasting effects on their target. Panel A shows <i>P. falciparum</i> without any drug treatment after 24 hours. Panel B shows parasites 24 hours after treated with 500 nM paclitaxel. Images in panel C represents parasites treated with 100 nM vinblastine, after 24 hours. Molar concentration of the drugs was chosen on the basis of published IC₅₀.</p

Comparative growth patterns of cultures containing curcumin pre-treated and non pre-treated host erythrocytes.

<p>For pre-treatment, erythrocytes were incubated with 5 µM curcumin for 48 h and then mixed with parasite-infected untreated erythrocytes to a final parasitemia of 0.5% and final hematocrit of 3%. In no pre-treatment cultures, erythrocytes were not given any pre-treatment with curcumin. No drug control parasite culture with no drug. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (n = 4).</p