Medical education on fitness to drive : a survey of all UK medical schools

Aim: To identify the extent to which medical aspects of fitness to drive (FTD) are taught within UK medical schools. Methods: A survey of all 32 UK medical schools. In-depth interviews with a range of staff at two medical schools; telephone survey of 30 schools. Results: Two thirds of schools reported specific teaching on medical aspects of FTD but few covered it in any depth or in relation to specific medical conditions. Only one school taught FTD in relation to elderly medicine. FTD was an examination topic at only 12 schools. Conclusion: Teaching on FTD is inconsistent across UK medical schools. Many new doctors will graduate with limited knowledge of medical aspects of FTD

Vortex rectification effects in films with periodic asymmetric pinning

We study the transport of vortices excited by an ac current in an Al film with an array of nanoengineered asymmetric antidots. The vortex response to the ac current is investigated by detailed measurements of the voltage output as a function of ac current amplitude, magnetic field and temperature. The measurements revealed pronounced voltage rectification effects which are mainly characterized by the two critical depinning forces of the asymmetric potential. The shape of the net dc voltage as a function of the excitation amplitude indicates that our vortex ratchet behaves in a way very different from standard overdamped models. Rather, as demonstrated by the observed output signal, the repinning force, necessary to stop vortex motion, is considerably smaller than the depinning force, resembling the behavior of the so-called inertia ratchets. Calculations based on an underdamped ratchet model provide a very good fit to the experimental data.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Dipole-induced vortex ratchets in superconducting films with arrays of micromagnets

We investigate the transport properties of superconducting films with periodic arrays of in-plane magnetized micromagnets. Two different magnetic textures are studied: a square array of magnetic bars and a close-packed array of triangular microrings. As confirmed by MFM imaging, the magnetic state of both systems can be adjusted to produce arrays of almost point-like magnetic dipoles. By carrying out transport measurements with ac drive, we observed experimentally a recently predicted ratchet effect induced by the interaction between superconducting vortices and the magnetic dipoles. Moreover, we find that these magnetic textures produce vortex-antivortex patterns, which have a crucial role on the transport properties of this hybrid system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Tunable anisotropic nonlinearity in superconductors with asymmetric antidot array

The influence of the spatial asymmetry of the pinning potential on the spectral composition of the voltage, induced in perforated superconducting Al bridges by the injection of a sinusoidal bias current, was investigated. The loss of the mirror symmetry of the pinning potential leads to the appearance of even Fourier components in the induced voltage in the vicinity of the superconducting phase transition line on the H-T diagram (H is the external magnetic field, T is temperature). Artificially-introduced asymmetry for vortex motion makes it possible to create low-resistive materials, in which nonlinearity depends on the direction of injected electrical currents.Comment: 5 pages, 10 figure

Epidemiologia, patogenia, diagnóstico, prevenção e controle da febre aftosa.

Com um rebanho de aproximadamente 200 milhões de cabeças e na primeira posição mundial em exportações de carnes, a pecuária bovina brasileira destaca-se pela importância estratégica na economia nacional. Considerando os valores expressivos oriundos da atividade do agronegócio, torna-se fundamental a adoção de medidas que contribuam para o melhoramento dos aspectos sanitários na cadeia produtiva. Nesse contexto, salientam-se medidas de vigilância e controle da febre aftosa, pois esta é a principal barreira sanitária imposta pelos países importadores, que podem decretar o embargo de produtos de origem animal. O conhecimento sobre o agente etiológico e o comportamento da doença são imprescindíveis para traçar estratégias de controle e tomada de decisões em casos de surtos, visto que a febre aftosa é uma enfermidade infecciosa viral que apresenta alta capacidade de disseminação e grande impacto, em razão das perdas na produção de carne e leite e das conseqüências políticas, sociais e econômicas associadas. Por meio desta série Documentos procura-se reforçar aos produtores, acadêmicos de ciências agrárias e demais envolvidos na cadeia produtiva agropecuária a importância do controle da febre aftosa nos rebanhos. São descritas a etiologia, epidemiologia e patogenia da doença, bem como as formas de diagnóstico e os aspectos de prevenção e controle.bitstream/CNPGC-2009-09/12401/1/DOC166.pd

Expected and unexpected products of reactions of 2-hydrazinylbenzothiazole with 3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride in different solvents

Acknowledgements We thank the EPSRC National Crystallography Service (University of Southampton) for the X-ray data collections. Funding information MVNdS and JLW thank CNPq (Brazil) for financial support.Peer reviewedPublisher PD