5 research outputs found
Evaluation of the productivity, content and nutrient use efficiency in genotypes of Eucalyptus spp. in Jequitinhonha valley, MG
A hibrida\ue7\ue3o de esp\ue9cies de eucalipto possibilita a
obten\ue7\ue3o de h\uedbridos mais produtivos e com alta
efici\ueancia de absor\ue7\ue3o e/ou utiliza\ue7\ue3o de
nutrientes, dependendo das esp\ue9cies combinadas. Neste contexto, o
presente trabalho, conduzido na regi\ue3o do Vale do Jequitinhonha,
Minas Gerais, teve por objetivos: determinar a produtividade, o
conte\ufado e a efici\ueancia de utiliza\ue7\ue3o de N, P, K,
Ca e Mg de h\uedbridos interespec\uedficos de Eucalyptus spp.
Para tanto, mediu-se o di\ue2metro \ue0 altura do peito (DAP) de
todas as \ue1rvores presentes em cada parcela, e abateram-se
tr\ueas \ue1rvores com di\ue2metro correspondente ao da
\ue1rvore m\ue9dia. Procedeu-se \ue0 cubagem das \ue1rvores
pelo m\ue9todo de Smallian, utilizando a altura, o di\ue2metro e a
espessura de casca na base e a 25, 50, 75 e 100 % da altura comercial.
O peso de material fresco do lenho, da casca, das folhas e dos galhos
foi determinado no campo, e desses componentes se coletaram amostras
para determina\ue7\ue3o do peso da mat\ue9ria seca. As amostras
do tronco consistiram de discos coletados, com casca, na base e a 25,
50, 75 e 100% da altura comercial. As amostras de tecido vegetal foram
analisadas para: N, P, K, Ca e Mg. Os resultados obtidos n\ue3o
indicaram diferen\ue7as significativas para a produ\ue7\ue3o de
biomassa de copa entre os h\uedbridos de eucalipto em
conseq\ufc\ueancia de apresentarem mesma idade. Entretanto, a
produ\ue7\ue3o de biomassa de tronco apresentou diferen\ue7as
significativas sendo os h\uedbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T.
Blake proveniente de poliniza\ue7\ue3o natural mais produtivo em 50
e 69% em compara\ue7\ue3o aos h\uedbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla
W. Hill. Ex Maiden com Eucalyptus grandis Dehnh.e de Eucalyptus
urophylla com descendentes do cruzamento de Eucalyptus camaldulensis
com Eucalyptus grandis respectivamente. Al\ue9m disso, aqueles
h\uedbridos foram os que alocaram maior quantidade de biomassa no
tronco (92,3%) em rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0 copa (7,7%), e ainda foram
os mais eficientes na absor\ue7\ue3o e utiliza\ue7\ue3o de N,
P, K, Ca e Mg. Concluiu-se que: 1) h\uedbridos de Eucalyptus
urophylla provenientes de poliniza\ue7\ue3o natural ou controlada
n\ue3o apresentam diferen\ue7a na produ\ue7\ue3o de biomassa de
copa quando avaliados numa mesma idade; 2) a poliniza\ue7\ue3o
controlada de Eucalyptus urophylla com Eucalyptus grandis e com
descendentes do cruzamento de Eucalyptus camaldulensis com Eucalyptus
grandis reduz a produ\ue7\ue3o de biomassa de tronco; 3)
h\uedbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla provenientes de
poliniza\ue7\ue3o natural s\ue3o mais produtivos e mais
eficientes na absor\ue7\ue3o e utiliza\ue7\ue3o de N, P, K, Ca
e Mg e 4) h\uedbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla provenientes de
descendentes do cruzamento de Eucalyptus camaldulensis com Eucalyptus
grandis s\ue3o menos produtivos e menos eficientes na
absor\ue7\ue3o e utiliza\ue7\ue3o de N, P, K, Ca e Mg.The hybridization of eucalyptus species can provide more productive
hybrids and with a high efficiency of nutrient absorption and, or,
nutrient use, depending on the combined species. In this context, the
present work was undertaken in the Jequitinhonha Valley region, Minas
Gerais, and its objectives were: to determine the productivity, content
and use efficiency of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in interspecific hybrids of
Eucalyptus spp. In each plot, the diameters were measured at breast
height (DBH) in all the trees, and three trees with diameter similar to
the average mean were felled. The volume of the trees was estimated by
the Smallian method, using the height, diameter and the bark thickness
at the base and at 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of the commercial height. The
fresh weight of the wood, bark, leaves and branches was determined in
the field, and samples from them were collected for the determination
of dry matter. The log samples consisted of collected disks with bark,
from the base and at 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of the commercial height. The
samples of vegetable tissues were analyzed for: N, P, K, Ca and Mg. The
results obtained did not show significant differences for the
production of crown biomass between the eucalyptus hybrids of the same
age. However, the production of log biomass presented significant
differences and the naturally pollinated hybrids of Eucalyptus
urophylla were 50.0 % and 69.0 % more productive compared with the
hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla with Eucalyptus grandis and
Eucalyptus urophylla with descendants of the crossing of Eucalyptus
camaldulensis with Eucalyptus grandis, respectively. Also, these
hybrids allocated larger amount of biomass in the log (92.3 %) in
relation to the crown (7.7 %), and they were more efficient in the
absorption and use of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. The conclusions were that: 1)
same aged hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla from natural or controlled
pollinations did not differ in their crown biomass; 2) log biomass was
reduced in the hybrids from controlled pollination between Eucalyptus
urophylla with Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla with
descendants of the crossing of Eucalyptus camaldulensis with
Eucalyptus grandis; 3) hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla from natural
pollination were more productive and more efficient in the absorption
and efficiency of use of N, P, K, Ca and Mg and 4) hybrids of
Eucalyptus urophylla with descendants of the crossing of Eucalyptus
camaldulensis with Eucalyptus grandis are less productive and less
efficient in the absorption and use of N, P, K, Ca and Mg
PARAMETERIZATION OF THE 3-PG MODEL FOR EUCALYPT IN THE REGION OF CERRADO IN MINAS GERAIS STATE
O modelo 3-PG \ue9 uma ferramenta eficaz para determina\ue7\ue3o
do potencial produtivo de florestas de eucalipto. No entanto, as
parametriza\ue7\uf5es deste modelo, hoje dispon \uedveis,
produzem resultados subestimados quando aplicadas \ue0 regi\ue3o do
Cerrado de Minas Gerais. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi
parametrizar o modelo 3-PG para plantios de eucalipto localizados na
regi\ue3o do Cerrado de Minas Gerais. Para isso, foram utilizados
dados de povoamentos de h\uedbridos clonais de Eucalyptus grandis x
Eucalyptus urophylla , com idades entre 3 e 84 meses, localizados nas
regi\uf5es de Curvelo e Itacambira \u2013 MG. As estimativas de
crescimento obtidas pelo modelo 3-PG foram comparadas com dados de
crescimento de povoamentos florestais medidos nas duas regi\uf5es, at
\ue9 a idade de 84 meses. O conjunto de valores de par \ue2metros e
vari\ue1veis obtidos neste trabalho permitiu simular com
acur\ue1cia, em termos das vari\ue1veis produzidas pelo modelo, os
padr\uf5es de crescimento de povoamentos florestais presentes na
regi\ue3o do Cerrado mineiro. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a
parametriza\ue7\ue3o promoveu melhorias no desempenho do modelo que
resultaram em estimativas acuradas de crescimento.The 3-PG model is an effective tool for determining the productive
productivity of eucalypt plantations. However, the model
parameterizations available today produce underestimated results when
they are applied to Cerrado region of Minas Gerais state. Thus, in this
paper we aimed to parameterize the 3-PG model for fast-growing eucalypt
clonal plantations in the Cerrado region of Minas Gerais state, Brazil.
To perform the parameterization, there were collected data from stands
of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clonal hybrid,
throughout an age range, from very young stands (about 3 months old)
until adult stands (about 7 years old), in two regions (Curvelo and
Itacambira \u2013 MG). The growth estimates obtained by 3-PG were
compared with data from forest inventory in both regions, until 84
months old. The application of 3-PG model using the set of parameter
and variable values determined in the study allowed to describe,
accurately, the growth patterns of forests stands in the Cerrado region
of Minas Gerais state. Thus, it follows that the parameterization
upgraded the performance of the model that resulted in accurate
estimates of growth
NUTRI\uc7\uc3O E CRESCIMENTO DA ERVA-MATE SUBMETIDA \uc0 CALAGEM
Mate tea trees are native of south Brazil, growing on acid soils.
However, small farmers intercrop this species with agricultural crops,
which usually require liming to reduce the soil acidity. Therefore,
this study aimed to verify the liming effect on Mate tea seedling
growth and nutritional status. Samples of an acidic soil (pH = 4.2,
Al3+ = 3.9 cmolc dm-3) were incubated with increased rates (0.0, 0.7,
1.8, 2.5, 3.4, 4.3 and 5.2 g dm-3) of a liming material for 21 days.
Then mate tea seedlings were transplanted to the pots containing 3 dm3
of soil, grown for 210 days. At the end of this period, seedlings were
harvested, split into leaf plants, stem, and roots for determining the
foliar area, root length and volume, dry matter production and levels
of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Al as well as the efficiency of
the usage of Ca and Mg by the plant. The soil was analyzed chemically.
Calcareous elevated the values of Ca, Mg and K in the soil and
stimulated a little increase in the aerial parts of the plants.
Seedling maximum dry matter production was obtained at low rates of
liming and drastically decreased at high liming rates. Micronutrients
and Al seedling decreased with lime rate. Calcium and Mg utilization
efficiency reduced with increasing availability of these nutrients in
the soil. It can be concluded that mate tea plants are tolerant to soil
acidity and the lime is needed only to supply Ca and Mg nutritional
requirements.A erva-mate ocorre naturalmente em solos \ue1cidos, mas \ue9
comumente cultivada em cons\uf3rcio com culturas anuais que requerem
corre\ue7\ue3o da acidez. Contudo, pouco se conhece sobre seu
comportamento frente \ue0 calagem. O objetivo desse estudo foi
verificar a influ\ueancia do calc\ue1rio no crescimento e estado
nutricional de plantas jovens de erva-mate. Para isso, incubou-se o
solo com 0,0, 0,7, 1,8, 2,5, 3,4, 4,3 e 5,2 g dm-3 de calc\ue1rio.
Ap\uf3s 21 dias de incuba\ue7\ue3o, mudas de erva-mate foram
transplantadas para vasos com 3 dm3 de solo. Ap\uf3s 210 dias
determinou-se o crescimento em altura e di\ue2metro, posteriormente
separou-se as plantas em folha, caule e raiz para
determina\ue7\ue3o da \ue1rea foliar, comprimento e volume de
ra\uedzes, produ\ue7\ue3o de mat\ue9ria seca e teor de N, P, K,
Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn e Al, al\ue9m da efici\ueancia de
utiliza\ue7\ue3o de Ca e Mg pela planta. O solo foi analisado
quimicamente. O calc\ue1rio elevou os teores de Ca, Mg e K do solo e
estimulou um pequeno aumento no crescimento da parte a\ue9rea das
plantas, o que n\ue3o ocorreu para o sistema radicular. O m\ue1ximo
crescimento e produ\ue7\ue3o de mat\ue9ria seca da parte
a\ue9rea da erva-mate ocorreu em pequenas doses de calc\ue1rio,
quando o teor de Ca e Mg no solo se situava, respectivamente, na faixa
de 3,3 a 3,4 e 1,1 a 1,4 cmolc dm-3. Nas maiores doses de calc\ue1rio
os teores foliares de Cu, Zn, Mn e Fe e o crescimento das plantas foram
fortemente reduzidos. A efici\ueancia de utiliza\ue7\ue3o de Ca e
Mg pela planta reduziu com o aumento da disponibilidade dos mesmos no
solo. A erva-mate mostrou ser pouco responsiva \ue0 calagem e muito
tolerante ao Al. Desta forma, a aplica\ue7\ue3o de calc\ue1rio
deve visar o suprimento de Ca e Mg para as plantas e n\ue3o a
corre\ue7\ue3o da acidez do solo no intuito de neutralizar o Al
troc\ue1vel
NUTRI\uc7\uc3O E CRESCIMENTO DA ERVA-MATE SUBMETIDA \uc0 CALAGEM
Mate tea trees are native of south Brazil, growing on acid soils.
However, small farmers intercrop this species with agricultural crops,
which usually require liming to reduce the soil acidity. Therefore,
this study aimed to verify the liming effect on Mate tea seedling
growth and nutritional status. Samples of an acidic soil (pH = 4.2,
Al3+ = 3.9 cmolc dm-3) were incubated with increased rates (0.0, 0.7,
1.8, 2.5, 3.4, 4.3 and 5.2 g dm-3) of a liming material for 21 days.
Then mate tea seedlings were transplanted to the pots containing 3 dm3
of soil, grown for 210 days. At the end of this period, seedlings were
harvested, split into leaf plants, stem, and roots for determining the
foliar area, root length and volume, dry matter production and levels
of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Al as well as the efficiency of
the usage of Ca and Mg by the plant. The soil was analyzed chemically.
Calcareous elevated the values of Ca, Mg and K in the soil and
stimulated a little increase in the aerial parts of the plants.
Seedling maximum dry matter production was obtained at low rates of
liming and drastically decreased at high liming rates. Micronutrients
and Al seedling decreased with lime rate. Calcium and Mg utilization
efficiency reduced with increasing availability of these nutrients in
the soil. It can be concluded that mate tea plants are tolerant to soil
acidity and the lime is needed only to supply Ca and Mg nutritional
requirements.A erva-mate ocorre naturalmente em solos \ue1cidos, mas \ue9
comumente cultivada em cons\uf3rcio com culturas anuais que requerem
corre\ue7\ue3o da acidez. Contudo, pouco se conhece sobre seu
comportamento frente \ue0 calagem. O objetivo desse estudo foi
verificar a influ\ueancia do calc\ue1rio no crescimento e estado
nutricional de plantas jovens de erva-mate. Para isso, incubou-se o
solo com 0,0, 0,7, 1,8, 2,5, 3,4, 4,3 e 5,2 g dm-3 de calc\ue1rio.
Ap\uf3s 21 dias de incuba\ue7\ue3o, mudas de erva-mate foram
transplantadas para vasos com 3 dm3 de solo. Ap\uf3s 210 dias
determinou-se o crescimento em altura e di\ue2metro, posteriormente
separou-se as plantas em folha, caule e raiz para
determina\ue7\ue3o da \ue1rea foliar, comprimento e volume de
ra\uedzes, produ\ue7\ue3o de mat\ue9ria seca e teor de N, P, K,
Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn e Al, al\ue9m da efici\ueancia de
utiliza\ue7\ue3o de Ca e Mg pela planta. O solo foi analisado
quimicamente. O calc\ue1rio elevou os teores de Ca, Mg e K do solo e
estimulou um pequeno aumento no crescimento da parte a\ue9rea das
plantas, o que n\ue3o ocorreu para o sistema radicular. O m\ue1ximo
crescimento e produ\ue7\ue3o de mat\ue9ria seca da parte
a\ue9rea da erva-mate ocorreu em pequenas doses de calc\ue1rio,
quando o teor de Ca e Mg no solo se situava, respectivamente, na faixa
de 3,3 a 3,4 e 1,1 a 1,4 cmolc dm-3. Nas maiores doses de calc\ue1rio
os teores foliares de Cu, Zn, Mn e Fe e o crescimento das plantas foram
fortemente reduzidos. A efici\ueancia de utiliza\ue7\ue3o de Ca e
Mg pela planta reduziu com o aumento da disponibilidade dos mesmos no
solo. A erva-mate mostrou ser pouco responsiva \ue0 calagem e muito
tolerante ao Al. Desta forma, a aplica\ue7\ue3o de calc\ue1rio
deve visar o suprimento de Ca e Mg para as plantas e n\ue3o a
corre\ue7\ue3o da acidez do solo no intuito de neutralizar o Al
troc\ue1vel
CRESCIMENTO E NUTRI\u106\uc3O DE ERVA-MATE INFLUENCIADOS PELA ADUBA\u106\uc3O NITROGENADA, FOSFATADA E POT\uc1SSICA
Ilex paraguariensis is considered a low P-requiring species because
it grows naturally in soils with low P content, although no much
information is also available for N and K requirements. This trial
aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing P rates, combined with N and
K rates on Ilex paraguariensis growth and its mineral composition.
Phosphorus rates of 0, 100, 200, 400 e 600 mg dm-3 of P2O5 were
combined with 0, 50 e 100 mg dm-3 of N e K2O. The fertilizers were
mixed with the soil and placed in plastic pots of 2.9 dm3. Seedlings of
Ilex were transplanted to the pots and grown for 120 days. Ilex
seedling growth was affected by the interaction of P and NK rates. The
best P rate was between 18.5 and 28.6 mg dm-3and the highest growth was
obtained when P was combined with 100 mg dm-3of N and K2O. Iron
deficiency symptoms appeared at the P rates of 400 and 600 mg dm-3 of
P2O5. It can be concluded that Ilex responds to increasing P rates, as
long as plant N, K and Ca requirement is met.A ocorr\ueancia natural da erva-mate em solos \ue1cidos e com baixa
fertilidade natural, levou essa esp\ue9cie a ser considerada de baixa
exig\ueancia nutricional, principalmente em rela\ue7\ue3o ao
f\uf3sforo, embora pouco se conhe\ue7a tamb\ue9m sobre a
exig\ueancia de N e K. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi
avaliar o crescimento, teor de nutrientes no solo e em plantas jovens
de erva-mate submetidas a doses de P combinadas com NK. Aplicou-se 0,
100, 200, 400 e 600 mg dm-3 de P2O5 combinados com 0, 50 e 100 mg dm-3
de N e K2O a um Latossolo Vermelho distr\uf3fico. Tr\ueas mudas de
erva-mate foram transplantadas para vasos com 2,9 dm3 de solo. Aos 120
dias determinaram-se a altura, di\ue2metro do caule, comprimento e
volume radicular e produ\ue7\ue3o de mat\ue9ria seca da parte
a\ue9rea e radicular das mudas. Determinaram-se os teores de N, P, K,
Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn e Al das folhas e ra\uedzes, al\ue9m do
conte\ufado de N, P, K, Ca e Mg. Amostras de solo foram submetidas
\ue0 an\ue1lise qu\uedmica. O crescimento da erva-mate foi
afetado pela intera\ue7\ue3o entre P e NK, demonstrando melhor
crescimento quando o teor de P no solo estava entre 18,5 a 28,6 mg dm-3
combinado com 100 mg dm-3 de N e K2O. Em doses superiores a 400 mg dm-3
de P2O5, as folhas passaram a apresentar clorose internerval, sintoma
t\uedpico de defici\ueancia de Fe. A ordem dos macronutrientes mais
exigidos e que mais contribu\uedram para o crescimento da erva-mate
foi P, N, K, Mg e Ca. A erva-mate cresce bem em solos com altos teores
de P, mas depende da boa disponibilidade de N, K e Ca