THE IMPACT OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORT ON SPATIAL BEHAVIOUR

Telecommunication has not only for the sender but as well for the addressee both mobile and immobile elements. Regarding telecommunication in the interpersonal context with the related traffic behaviour, it becomes clear that telecommunication has so far an unknown influence on our spatial behaviour. Based on these considerations a concept is being developed to demonstrate the influence, the use and the increasing penetration of communication and information media on spatial behaviour of humans. The question, which effects are to be considered from this for the future and in which way it affects planning of interventions in the traffic sector, follows directly. On the basis of empirical results from Germany, Sweden and Korea it is shown that additional communication and information possibilities have no decreasing affect on the physical mobility of humans. Based on this result the advantages of novel communication and information services are being systematised to analyse the impacts on spatial behaviour in detail. For this it is possible to fall back on data-sets ranging from the mega-city Seoul over cities and rural regions in Germany to remote areas in Sweden. So it is to be expected that certain time-consuming, standardise and according to their nature suitable activities/ trips (e. g. telebanking) might be substituted in the every day live. At the same time, however, it is to be expected that far distant destinations can be more easily investigated by better information and communication possibilities, in order to lead afterwards to additional physical mobility - thus an induction of physical transport appears this way. The increases are to be expected fewer in everyday life transport, since the financial and temporal budget restrictions are effective here due to capacity limitations of the traffic system. Rather increases in the weekend and holiday traffic are to be expected, where either by the generated interest via simplified information access or by the decrease of initial trave) thresholds (reduction of uncertainties concerning the selected destination by telecommunications) additional journeys can be performed. Within the leisure area and the global business and service area activities and appropriate journeys are thus generated, which would not have been possible without existence of the electronic media. Finally, it is stated, which (feedback-) effects result on the structure of demand, if more spontaneous acts caused by information and communication technologies provoke critical and on a long-term basis not calculable effects

The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: From Physiopathology to Targeted Therapeutic Approaches

Purpose/Results. Although surgical, chemo- and radiotherapeutic treatment regimens in patients with soft tissue sarcomas have constantly been refined over the past two decades, the survival rate for these patients is rather low

Debitage Attributes, Obsidian Source Analysis, and Prehistoric Mobility in Southeastern Idaho

The purpose of this study is to complement existing knowledge on prehistoric mobility in eastern and southern Idaho. I add specific detail regarding the use of Skull Canyon and its well-known Birch Creek rockshelters during hunter-gatherers’ logistical foraging rounds. In addition, my research is a case study in combining debitage attribute analysis and intensive toolstone sourcing to read prehistoric mobility. Prior research has looked to obsidian toolstone sourcing to understand prehistoric eastern and southern Idaho mobility. However, no prior research has involved sourcing an entire, stratified assemblage of prehistoric debitage. I collected flake attribute data from all 2,846 pieces of Bobcat Shelter debitage including both obsidian and microcrystalline silicate artifacts. I collected x-ray fluorescence, obsidian sourcing data on all 1,830 pieces of Bobcat Shelter obsidian debitage. Analysis involved combining strata based on similarity in strata mean toolstone source distance. This was necessary due to strata sample sizing constraints. Mann Whitney U tests were used to find significant differences between groups based on every one of ten disparate debitage attributes. These attributes are expected to change in predictable ways with increasing mean toolstone source distance. Group median attribute values were used to verify predicted differences between groups. Debitage characteristics appear dependent on distance from toolstone source. As expected, this is especially true for exclusively obsidian samples as 100% of significant Mann Whitney U results are associated with predicted trends in group median attribute values. Obsidian material deposited before the Late Archaic/ Late Prehistoric transition originates from farther geological sources than after, pointing to an important difference in mobility levels. This research also uncovers a large increase in the proportion of specific toolstone sources during the end of the Late Archaic (2,950 –1,650 BP), detail missed during less intense sampling of Bobcat Shelter sourced obsidian

The Yellowstone Permutation

Define a sequence of positive integers by the rule that a(n) = n for 1 <= n = 4, a(n) is the smallest number not already in the sequence which has a common factor with a(n-2) and is relatively prime to a(n-1). We show that this is a permutation of the positive integers. The remarkable graph of this sequence consists of runs of alternating even and odd numbers, interrupted by small downward spikes followed by large upward spikes, suggesting the eruption of geysers in Yellowstone National Park. On a larger scale the points appear to lie on infinitely many distinct curves. There are several unanswered questions concerning the locations of these spikes and the equations for these curves.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Mar 7 2015: mostly stylistic change

Importance of the loading factor in transport CO2 emissions

This paper is focusing on the influence of the loading factor on CO2 emissions, from freight and passengers. A common approach in economics to relate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to economic activity is the ASIF model (Unander & Schipper 2000). However, this model has been elaborated for all economic sectors, and it doesn’t take into account the vehicle load factor for the calculation of transport emissions. The objective of this paper is to include the loading factor into the ASIF approach. First, we will include this loading factor into the ASIF equation, aggregating step by step from trip level to macro level; loading will appear as a result of empty running, vehicle capacity and occupancy rate (section 2). Then section 3 will analyse the relationship between loading factor and energy consumption, per type of vehicle. Section 4 will focus on issues concerning freight, as well as section 5 for passengers. The examples will be mainly taken from road transport, which causes most of transport CO2 emissions. Then our conclusion will draw attention on data needs and policy implications

RENOVABIO: A CERTIFICAÇÃO, TECNOLOGIA E TRANSFERÊNCIA DE TECNOLOGIA NA PRODUÇÃO DE CANA-DE-ACÚCAR COM SUSTENTABILIDADE

Em meio às crises do petróleo e a necessidade de desenvolver novas fontes de energias alternativas, dentre essas os biocombustíveis são de grande importância, onde o álcool etílico é o destaque, e o maior responsável pela expansão da cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo. Este estudo apresenta como objetivo central conhecer os principais aspectos que norteiam a legislação no sentido de ampliação da produção de cana-de-açúcar com sustentabilidade e importância da transferência de tecnologia para o produtor rural. Dessa maneira, ele caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa descritiva, utilizando a revisão como técnica de coleta de dados. Para o desenvolvimento desta investigação realizou-se uma revisão da literatura relacionada aos assuntos sobre gestão ambiental, tecnologia, certificação com a legislação ambiental, em destaque para RenovaBio, Lei nº 13.576/17.  O Art. 18. desta Lei, determina que a  certificação da produção ou importação eficiente de biocombustíveis terá como prioridade o aumento da eficiência, com base em avaliação do ciclo de vida, em termos de conteúdo energético com menor emissão de gases causadores do efeito estufa em comparação às emissões auferidas pelo combustível fóssil. A iniciativa do processo de certificação será fundamental para a produção com sustentabilidade, visto que com o aumento da produção de cana de açúcar, o desmatamento poderia ser um das principais consequências. Desta forma o incentivo para quem produz com sustentabilidade beneficiará não somente o meio ambiente, mas também o produtor rural, que se beneficiará da transferência de tecnologia e terá suporte de manejo para produzir com sustentabilidade.