Современные аспекты атерогенеза

The basic postulate of atherosclerosis etiology and pathogenesis has changed during the last decade. This study, carried out on the human aorta and coronary heart vessels collected on 64 autopsies performed shortly after demise. Those with with cardiovascular insufficiency and an atherosclerosic background from 31 to 69 years of age were taken into the study group. Apoptotic cells were identified using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TUNEL). The TUNEL-labeled nuclei were found mainly in the region of the plaque that shows a dense infiltration by macrophages. The death of foam cells at the edge of the lipid core shows both necrosis and apoptosis. The remnants of apoptotic nuclei are also present in the lipid core. Apoptosis plays a key role in regulation of cell accumulation during atherosclerosis. It suggests involvement of ICE in SMC death in fibrous regions of complex atheroma and in macrophage death in the lipid-rich core of the lesions.На протяжении последнего десятилетия основные постулаты этиологии и патогенеза атеросклероза претерпели значительные изменения. Наши исследования были проведены на аорте, коронарных артериях сердца и сонных артериях на этапе раннего патологоанатомического вскрытия у умерших в результате церебро- и кардиососудистых патологий на фоне атеросклероза. Апоптотические клетки были идентифицированы TUNEL-методом. Tакже был подтвержден апоптоз макрофагов, клеток гладкой мускулатуры и эндотелиальных клеток. TUNEL-положительные ядра преимущественно были обнаружены в области бляшки богатой макрофагами. Смерть пенистых клеток может быть вызвана как некрозом так и апоптозом. Остатки этого процесса присутствуют в некротическом ядре бляшки. Апоптотический процесс играет решающую роль в регулировании клеточных отложений, вызывает смерть клеточных элементов в области фиброзной капсулы, провоцируя дестабилизацию и разрыв бляшки

Статистическая оценка сопутствующих патологических процессов при аденоме простаты

Department of morphopathology, Department of urology and surgical nephrology, Nicolae Tesmitsanu State University of Medicine and FarmacyThis study aims to assess the statistical figures of morphopathological aspects of prostatic adenoma using the methods of statistical processing and analyzing to determine the informative indices of variability and the trend of the development of the pathological processes concurrent to the Benign Prostate Hiperplasia (BPH). It has been found that in 30 patients aged 45-68 along with BPH the pathological processes with a predominance of the inflammatory, dystrophic and discirculatory ones, involving all the structural elements of the adenoma and its bordering zones, have been identified. The level of activity of the processes, including the inflammatory processes in the peripheral area has been found out. The inflammatory processes of moderate and emphasized activity (the IInd and IIId degrees) have made up a maximum frequency and accounted for 77% of the cases, being followed by circulatory disorders of the IInd and IIId degrees of activity, what has corresponded to 76% of cases. В данном исследовании отражена статистическая оценка морфопатологических аспектов, выявленных при аденоме простаты, использованы методы статистической обработки и анализа для выявления информативных параметров вариабельности, а также тенденции развития патологических процессов, которые сопутствуют доброкачественной гиперплазии простаты (ДГП). Установлено, что у 30 пациентов в возрасте 45-68 лет, одновременно с ДГП присутствуют патологические процессы, преимущественно воспалительные, дисциркуляторные и дистрофические, включающие все структурные элементы аденомы и ее пограничной зоны. Выявлена степень активности процессов, в том числе на периферии, что соответствовало зоне энуклеации аденомы. Воспалительные процессы умеренной и выраженной степени активности (II-III степень) соответствовали максимальной частоте и составили 77% случаев, за ними следовали дисциркуляторные нарушения II-III степени, которые составили 76%

Changes of free radical oxidation and of antioxidant defense system in peripheral blood and fluid discharged from prostate draining lodge in large transbladder adenomectomy

Department of Urology, Holy Trinity Municipal Hospital, Chisinau, the Republic of Moldova, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Department of Pathomorphology, Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaBackground: This study is dedicated to determination of the peculiarities of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system processes in the patients with prostate adenoma (PA), and the correlation between blood serum and fluid draining from lodge after adenomectomy with the aim of highlighting the risk factors of this pathology. Material and methods: There were studied 79 men aged 50-75 years, divided into two specific groups: group 1 – 49 men with PA treated surgically by transvezical method, modified by us and group 2 – 30 healthy men. Results: The results showed that in PA the processes of lipid oxidation with production of reactive oxygen species increased, confirmed by marked increasing of hydroperoxides of lipids, keto-diene conjugates and carbonyl compounds. There had been an impressive increase of the malondialdehyde level in both blood serum at pre- and postoperative stages and in the drained fluids from the lodge in patients of group 1. A deficiency of antioxidants was demonstrated by total antioxidant reduced activity and decreased functionality of the main antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase in pre- and post-operative periods, as well as in fluids from the drained lodge in group 2. Conclusions: It was found that oxygen species manifested an imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant protective system and they are an important pathogenic cause in self-maintenance and exacerbation of inflammatory response that can influence the pre- and postoperative evolution of PA, a predictive factor in developing treatment strategies, postoperative management

The estimation of the peculiarities and the activity degree of the consisting inflammatory processes in the benign prostatic hyperplasia

Secţia Urologie, IMSP Spitalul Clinic Municipal “ Sf. Treime”, Catedra Morfopatologie, USMF „N. Testemiţanu”, Secţia Ştiinţifică Morfopatologie, IMSP Institutul de Cercetări Ştiinţifice în Domeniul Ocrotirii Sănătăţii Mamei şi Copilului, Catedra Urologie şi Nefrologie Chirurgicală, USMF „N. Testemiţanu”, Al V-lea Congres de Urologie, Dializă şi Transplant Renal din Republica Moldova cu participare internaţională (1-13 iunie 2011)Summary. The conducted study has the aim to estimate the histopathological peculiarities of the inflammatory processes, evaluated in prostatic nodular hyperplasia, the character and the activity of these processes in the area of nodular hyperplasia structures, and the border limit in the adenectomy. The results of the morphopathological study allowed detailed diagnosis of the prostatic hyperplasia. Severe modifications of inflammatory origin and considerable implications of the structural-architectonical components indicate concomitant persisting or coexisting of chronic or acute prostatitis. The establishment of the lesion character, activity degree of the inflammatory process, saving border limit in the surgical management regarding the residual cavity of cleavage and postoperative prognosis was the second aim of the study. It facilitates the choice of the best therapeutic and surgical approach. The character of the inflammatory processes coexisting with prostatic benign hyperplasia was evaluated. A clinical-morphological concept of inflammatory associations in prostate benign hyperplasia was formulated