31 research outputs found
Prihrana u kasnu zimu stimulira brzi razvoj zajednica sive pÄele (Apis mellifera carnica)
Unfavourable weather conditions after the queen starts with intensive oviposition during early spring may cause an imbalance in the division of tasks among worker bees in the bee colony. This can lead to slow spring development and poor exploitation of the main spring nectar flows. In order to accelerate the spring development, it is necessary, as a technological measure, to feed supplemental candy to bee colonies. In this research, the necessity of supplemental feeding, as well as the
composition of candy (pollen and protein substitute) were analysed. Three groups of ten bee colonies each were formed - the control, unfed group, pollen candy fed and protein substitute candy fed. In the period from 22/02/2016 and 04/04/2016 three control measurements were performed during which the number of bees, the number of brood cells and weight of the bee colonies were determined. The research has shown that supplemental feeding of the bee colony in late winter in order to encourage the rapid spring development is justified. Namely, at the final measurements in April, the results showed differences between groups. The treated colonies had higher net hive weight, a greater number of bees and statistically significantly more brood cells. The results of this study confirm that the technological measure of supplemental feeding in late winter should be performed on all commercial apiaries for the production of honey, pollen, royal jelly, queen bees and bee venom.Zbog klimatskih promjena doÅ”lo je do promjena u strukturi i intenzitetu medonosnih paÅ”a. Ove promjene posljediÄno izazivaju neravnotežu u podjeli zadataka radilica u pÄelinjoj zajednici Å”to dalje uzrokuje spor
proljetni razvoj i slabo iskoriÅ”tavanje proljetnih pÄelinjih paÅ”a. Kako bi se ubrzao proljetni razvoj potrebno je izvrÅ”iti tehnoloÅ”ku mjeru prihrane pÄelinjih zajednica pogaÄama. U istraživanju je bila analizirana sama
potreba prihrane ali i sastav pogaÄa (peludna zamjenica i pÄelinja pelud). Formirane su tri skupine sa po deset pÄelinjih zajednica ā kontrolna, prihranjivana pogaÄom s pÄelinjom peludi (P) i peludnom zamjenicom (S). IzmeÄu 22.2.2016. i 4.4.2016. obavljena su tri kontrolna mjerenja tijekom kojih je utvrÄen broj pÄela, koliÄina
legla i masa pÄelinjih zajednica. Istraživanje je pokazalo opravdanost provoÄenja tehnoloÅ”ke mjere prihrane pÄelinjih zajednica u kasnu zimu s ciljem poticanja brzog proljetnog razvoja. Naime, kod zavrÅ”nog mjerenja u travnju rezultati su pokazali statistiÄki znaÄajne razlike izmeÄu K skupine, s jedne strane i skupina P i S, s druge strane, u svim mjerenim pokazateljima. Prihranjivane zajednice skupina P i S imale su statistiÄki znaÄajno veÄu neto masu pÄelinjih zajednica, veÄi broj pÄela i viÅ”e stanica legla. Rezultati ovog istraživanja potvrÄuju kako je tehnoloÅ”ku mjeru prihrane u kasnu zimu potrebno provoditi na svim komercijalnim pÄelinjacima koji su pripremljeni za proizvodnju meda, peludi, matiÄne mlijeÄi, matica pÄela i pÄelinjeg otrova
ATTRACTIVENESS OF PHACELIA (PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA BENTH.) FOR THE GREY HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA CARNICA P. 1879)
Facelija (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.) je jednogodiÅ”nja zeljasta biljka koja u posljednje vrijeme privlaÄi pozornost ratara i pÄelara. Ratarima je zanimljiva jer im omoguÄava ispunjavanje uvjeta viÅ”estruke sukladnosti vezanih uz tlo (minimalna pokrivenost tla, oÄuvanje organske tvari u tlu i dr.) te se u buduÄnosti oÄekuje znaÄajno poveÄanje ratarskih povrÅ”ina pod ovom kulturom. Kako je facelija izrazito medonosna kultura i proizvodi znaÄajne koliÄine nektara i peludi oÄekivano raste i interes pÄelara za ovu kulturu. Cilj naÅ”eg istraživanja je utvrditi intenzitet aktivnosti sive pÄele (Apis mellifera carnica P.1879) tijekom cvatnje facelije. Istraživanje je provedeno na tri parcele na pokusnoj lokaciji Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Osijeku, na lokalitetu Vardarac. PraÄenja su obavljena tijekom tri dana za vrijeme pune cvatnje facelije. PraÄena je dnevna dinamika aktivnosti radilica na cvjetovima facelije, intenzitet sakupljanja nektara i peludi te prisutnost drugih opraÅ”ivaÄa.SUMMARY
Phacelia or California bluebell (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.) is an annual herbaceous plant that has recently attracted the attention of farmers and beekeepers. For farmers it is interesting because it allows them to meet the requirements of cross compliance relating to the soil (minimum coverage of soil, preservation of organic matter in soil, etc.), and in the future a significant increase in agricultural area under this crop is expected. As phacelia is a great source of nectar and pollen, beekeepers interest in this culture is growing. The aim of our research is to determine the intensity of activity of the carniolan bee (Apis mellifera carnica P.1879) during phacelia flowering. The study was conducted on three plots on the trial site, Faculty of Agriculture, at the site Vardarac. Monitoring was carried out during three days of phacelia flowering. Daily activity of workers on phacelia flowers, the intensity of collecting nectar and pollen, and the presence of other pollinators were monitored
PHEROMONES OF THE HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera L.)
Podjelu uloga izmeÄu Älanova pÄelinje zajednice, kao i funkcioniranje pÄelinje zajednice omoguÄuje savrÅ”ena komunikacija, a ona se kod pÄela odvija pomoÄu pÄelinjeg plesa i najveÄim dijelom putem feromona. Feromoni u pÄelinjoj zajednici imaju ulogu spajanja pÄela kao jedinki u jednu kohezivnu zajednicu, tzv. superorganizam. TakoÄer, feromoni imaju kljuÄnu ulogu u svim aspektima života pÄelinje zajednice, od razmnožavanja, do sakupljanja hrane i obrane zajednice. U ovom su radu obraÄene žlijezde koje izluÄuju feromone, kao i uloga pojedinih feromona na ponaÅ”anje pÄelinje zajednice.Division of labor among members and functioning of the honey bee colonies provides perfect communication, which in honey bee colony takes place by means of waggle dance and mainly with pheromones. Pheromones in the honey bee colony have a role in connecting honey bees as individuals in a cohesive community, so-called superorganism. Also, pheromones play a key role in all aspects of life in honey bee colonies, from reproduction to collecting food and colony defense. In this review are described the glands that secrete pheromones and the role of individual pheromones on the behavior of honey bee colony
HRANIDBENA VRIJEDNOST PLANKTONSKOG RAÄIÄA DAPHNIA MAGNA ZA HRANIDBU Å ARANSKE MLAÄI (Cyprinus carpio)
Chemical composition and contents of amino acids and fatty acids in the planktonic cladoceran Daphnia magna were investigated, aiming to evaluate its value for feeding of young carp. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and moisture contents were analyzed according to standard laboratory procedures.
Amino acids content was determined by LKB 4101 automatic analyzer and that of fatty acids by Chrompack CP 9000 chromatograph, using a flame ionizing detector. Protein contents amounted to 1.18 and 39.24% of fresh and dry mass, respectively. These amounts of proteins completely meet nutritional requirements both of carp fry and its older categories and other omnivorous fishes. Raw fat and fibre contents in dry weight were 4.98 and 4.32%, respectively, which is suitable for the commercial carp breeding. Methionine and phenylalanine are partially in deficit, whereas other essential amino acids identified in dry mass of Daphnia magna were present in amounts adequate for all carp categories. The proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in lipids of Daphnia magna were 18.70 and 66.20%, respectively. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, the omegaā3 group was present with 27.30%. The omegaā3 : omegaā6 fatty acids ratio was 5.68:1, which fully meets the carp nutrition requirements.Istraživanja kemijskog, aminokiselinskog i masnokiselinskog sastava planktonskog raÄiÄa Daphnia magna obavljena su radi utvrÄivanja pogodnosti za hranidbu Å”aranske mlaÄi. Sadržaj sirovih bjelanÄevina, masti, vlaknine, pepela i vlage utvrÄeni su uobiÄajenim metodama. Sadržaj aminokiselina odreÄen je LKB 4101 automatskim analizatorom, a sadržaj masnih kiselina Chropack CP 9000 kromatografom s pomoÄu plamenoga ionizirajuÄeg detektora. Sadržaj bjelanÄevina u svježoj tvari iznosio je 1,18 %, a u suhoj tvari 39,24 %. Navedene vrijednosti bjelanÄevina u potpunosti odgovaraju hranidbenim potrebama mlaÄi i starijim kategorijama Å”arana i drugih omnivornih riba. KoliÄina sirove masti u suhoj tvari iznosila je 4,98 %, a vlaknine 4,32 %, Å”to odgovara potrebama konzumnog Å”arana. Od esencijalnih aminokiselina u suhoj tvari Daphnia magna, fenilalanin je djelomiÄno nedostatan dok su ostale esencijalne aminokiseline zastupljene u pogodnoj koliÄini za sve kategorije Å”arana. KoliÄina zasiÄenih masnih kiselina u masti Daphnia magnae iznosila je 18,70 %, a nezasiÄenih 66,20 %. Od nezasiÄenih masnih kiselina, omegaā3 masne kiseline zastupljene su s 27,30 %. Odnos omegaā3 i omegaā6 masnih kiselina iznosio je 5,68:1, Å”to u potpunosti odgovara hranidbenim potrebama Å”arana
Effect of queen cell size on body mass of emerged honey bee queens (Apis mellifera carnica)
U ovom istraživanju izvagano je 150 matica nakon izlijeganja uzgajanih iz presaÄenih jednodnevnih liÄinki. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi korelaciju mase izlegnutih matica s veliÄinom matiÄnjaka mjereÄi volumen, Å”irinu i dubinu matiÄnjaka. ProsjeÄna masa izlegnutih matica iznosila je 206,14 Ā± 28,25 mg, najmanja utvrÄena masa iznosila je 121,30 mg, dok je najveÄa iznosila 260,70 mg. NajveÄa pozitivna korelacija (r (150) = 0,597) utvrÄena je izmeÄu mase matice i volumena matiÄnjaka, dok je najmanja korelacija utvrÄena sa Å”irinom matiÄnjaka (r (150) = 0,335). Na osnovu dobivenih rezultata može se zakljuÄiti kako veliÄina matiÄnjaka znaÄajno utjeÄe na veliÄinu matice. Iako su iz veÄih matiÄnjaka dobivene teže matice, odstupanja je ipak bilo poput izlijeganja lakÅ”ih matica iz veÄih matiÄnjaka i obrnuto.In this study, 150 queens grafted from day-old larvae were weighed after hatching. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation of the hatched queens body mass with the size of the queen cells by measuring the volume, width and depth of the queen cells. The average body mass of atched queens was 206.14 Ā± 28.25 mg. The lowest recorded body mass was 121.30 mg, while the highest was 260.70 mg. The highest positive correlation (r (150) = 0.597) was found between queen body mass and queen cell volume, while the lowest correlation was found with queen cell width (r (150) = 0.335). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the size of the queen cell significantly affects the body mass of the queen. Although heavier queens were obtained from larger queen cells, the deviations were noted, such as smaller body mass queens hatching from larger queens and vice versa
Grooming behavior in relation to varroa (Varroa destructor) infestation level of Carniolan honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera carnica)
Grooming behavior is one of the traits that enables Apis cerana resistance to ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. The study examines the proportion of damaged mites on 52 colonies (5 genotypes) of A. m. carnica in Croatia. The mites were collected on the sheets of the screen bottom boards, analyzed for the location of injury for each mite and correlated to infestation of colonies with V. destructor mites. In total, 2,425 V. destructor mites were analyzed, with an average of 46.6 per colony. The average (Ā±SE) of 12.69Ā±0.93% mites with injuries were recorded ranging from 0% to 32%. No significant difference (ANOVA, F (4, 47)=0.503, P=0.734) was found between different genotypes. The most common injuries of mites were located on the first pair of legs, while the lowest proportion of injuries were found on the idiosoma. No significant correlation was found between grooming behavior and colony infestation rate. Grooming behavior did not affect the colony infestation rate in tested colonies
TehnoloÅ”ka i ekonomska optimizacija proizvodnje pÄelinjih zajednica (Apis mellifera L.)
Due to the increased honeybee colony losses, the demands for honeybee colonies are growing annually. To regain the lost colonies or to increase the apiary size, the beekeepers need to purchase the new colonies or to prepare the new ones during the season. The aim of this study was to investigate the technological and economic efficiency of the three different methods of honeybee colony production, deploying one, two, or four combs of capped brood with the adhering bees and a mated queen. The study was conducted in northeastern Croatia from May 2019 to April 2020. At the end of the first season, there were no significant differences between the groups in the number of combs occupied with the brood and the bees. The production of colonies with one brood comb provides the beekeeper with an opportunity to multi ply more colonies, while the colonies established using four brood combs during an early season produced honey during the main summer nectar flow. All three methods of colony production have scored a positive economic result and have demonstrated positive profitability rates.Zbog poveÄanih gubitaka pÄelinjih zajednica, potražnja za njima raste iz godine u godinu. Kako bi nadoknadili izgubljene pÄelinje zajednice ili poveÄali veliÄinu pÄelinjaka, pÄelari moraju kupiti nove zajednice ili ih mogu sami proizvesti tijekom sezone. Cilj ovoga rada bio je ispitati tehnoloÅ”ku i ekonomsku uÄinkovitost triju razliÄitih metoda proizvodnje pÄelinjih zajednica: koriÅ”tenjem jednoga, dvaju i Äetiriju okvira saÄa s poklopljenim leglom i pripadajuÄim pÄelama kojima je dodana sparena matica. Istraživanje je provedeno u sjeveroistoÄnoj Hrvatskoj od svibnja 2019. do travnja 2020. Na kraju prve sezone nije bilo znaÄajnih razlika izmeÄu skupina u broju okvira zauzetih leglom i pÄelama. Proizvodnja zajednica s jednim okvirom poklopljenoga legla omoguÄuje pÄelaru proizvodnju veÄega broja pÄelinjih zajednica, dok su se pÄelinje zajednice proizvedene na poÄetku sezone s pomoÄu Äetiriju okvira poklopljenoga legla dovoljno razvile i proizvodile med tijekom glavne ljetne pÄelinje paÅ”e. Sva tri naÄina proizvodnje pÄelinjih zajednica pokazala su pozitivan ekonomski rezultat i stopu isplativosti
LiŔajevi otoka Krka (Sjeverni Jadran, Hrvatska)
A list of 137 lichen mycota taxa from the island of Krk is presented, including 18 species new to island of Krk. The list is based on literature records and field work carried out in 2001 and 2002 year. For each taxon, references on localities and substrate are given, and comparison of taxa composition between island of Krk and island of Rab has been made.U radu se daje popis 137 svojti liÅ”ajeva zabilježenih za otok Krk, ukljuÄujuÄi 18 vrsta zabilježenih po prvi puta. Popis je izraÄen prema navodima iz literaturnih izvora i terenskih istraživanja provedenih 2001. i 2002. godine. Za svaku svojtu daju se podaci o nalaziÅ”tu i podlozi. UÄinjena je i usporedba sastava svojti izmeÄu otoka Krka i otoka Raba
The lichen flora of Risnjak National Park (Croatia)
This paper lists 80 lichen taxa recorded for Risnjak National Park. Among the listed species, Candelariella reflexa, Chaenotheca brunneola, Placynthiella icmalea, Usnea diplotypus and Usnea subfloridana have been already first reported for Croatia. The field survey was carried out at 14 collection sites in the periods 1997ā1998 and 2001ā2002. Floristic composition, life form spectrum and substrate preferences are described. The most numerous genera are Cladonia, Pertusaria, Lecanora and Peltigera. Lichens growth
on 16 various substrates, among which the deciduous trees, Acer pseudoplatanus and Fagus sylvatica dominate. The alliance Lobarion pulmonariae, consisting of some rare and old-forest indicator species, is present within the area