Additional file 1 of Incorporating biological information in sparse principal component analysis with application to genomic data

Figure S1. Network structure of simulated data : Randomly specified graph ( G $\mathcal {G}$ ). Figure S2. Correlation of gene pairs by relationship types. Figure S3. BIC value by tuning parameter with GBM microarray data. X-axis is tuning parameter, y-axis is BIC value. Figure S4. Loading plots of the first two PCs by Fused and Grouped sPCA. Colored points are genes enriched in Glioblastoma related pathways found by the proposed methods but not found by existing methods. Table S1. Simulation results of Setting 1 when γequals 8. Table S2. Simulation results of Setting 2 when γ equals 8. Table S3. ν value used in the simulation settings. Table S4. Simulation results of Setting 1 when extra noise edges are added to structural information. Table S5. Simulation results of Setting 2 when extra noise edges are added to structural information. Table S6. Prediction accuracy using the PCs of PCA-based methods. ·(·) represents mean(sd). (PDF 1270 kb

Ti₃C₂ MXene Nanosheet-Based Dual-Enzyme Cascade Reaction to Facilitate Dual-Stimulation-Mediated Breast Cancer Therapy

Starvation therapy mediated by glucose oxidase is a widely used therapeutic approach for tumor treatment, but it is limited by the simultaneous drawbacks of weak therapeutic efficacy, nonspecificity, and systemic toxicity. Thus, combination therapy was used to complement the widely used therapeutic strategy for anticancer therapy. On the basis of starvation therapy, we designed a catalytic model of nanosheets with biological cascade enzymes synergizing with anticancer drugs. In short, two cascade enzymes (glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase) are covalently immobilized on Ti3C2 MXene nanosheet and a cascade enzyme nanoreactor is formed by electrostatically adsorbing positive charged DOX. Finally, the outer layer is coated with hyaluronic acid. By combining glucose oxidase-mediated starvation therapy, photothermal therapy, and chemotherapy, we have achieved the therapeutic effect of “killing three birds with one stone” by combining the dual stimulation response of endogenous and exogenous sources to the tumor site. This method not only achieves the targeting of cancer cells but also improves the systemic toxicity and reduced efficacy of biological enzymes and realizes synergistic cancer therapy with enhanced cascade reactions. It opens up a new path for the research of nanomedicine

Organs distribution of fetal Sika deer (labeled FSD) and adult Sika deer Ercc6l (labeled ASD).

<p>mRNAs in the Sika deer were detected by RT-PCR. (a) After 25 cycles, FSD was detected in the heart (H), liver (L), spleen (S), lung (LU), kidney (K), stomach (ST), brain (B), intestines (I), ear (E), lymph (LY), leg (LE) and negative (N); (b) FSD and ASD were detected in organs such as heart (H), liver (L), spleen (S), lung (LU), kidney (K), stomach (ST) and negative (N).</p

Ercc6l Primers and PCR conditions.

<p>Ercc6l Primers and PCR conditions.</p

Ercc6l identities between Sika deer and 12 other organisms.

<p>Ercc6l identities between Sika deer and 12 other organisms.</p

The cDNA sequences of Sika deer were obtained from heart mRNA using 5′ RACE and 3′ RACE.

<p>(A) Products obtained during the first 3′ RACE were 446 bp in length. (B) Products obtained during the second 3′ RACE were 445 bp in length. (C) Products obtained during a third 3′ RACE were 546 bp in length. (D) 5′ RACE products were 444 bp in length.</p

A phylogenic tree showing the similarity between Sika deer Ercc6l protein amino acid sequences and those of cattle, panda, dog, horse, fowl, human, monkey, mouse, pongo, rat, xenopus and marmoset.

<p>The number at each node indicates the percentage of bootstrapping after 1000 replications. The bar at the bottom indicates 5% amino acid divergence in the sequences. These proteins are highly conserved throughout evolution; high similarity matches exist between Ercc6l sequences across species.</p

ClustalX alignment of the Ercc6l protein sequence with other members of SNF2 family as reported in other mammals.

<p>The conserved amino acid residues in these sequences are shaded to show homology.</p

Organs distribution of the Sika deer Ercc6l transcript as measured by SYBR Green RT-PCR.

<p>Quantitative analysis was performed on Ercc6l gene expression relative to β-actin in different Organs and different developmental stages. Ercc6l gene expression was analyzed in the following Organs: heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and stomach. Expression data for each Organ were analyzed from three individual Sika deer. Vertical bars represent the mean±S.E.</p

Hydrogel Cross-Linked with Dynamic Covalent Bonding and Micellization for Promoting Burn Wound Healing

A novel hydrogel (HA-az-F127 hydrogel) formed by reacting hydrazide modified hyaluronic acid (HAAD) and benzaldehyde terminated F127 triblock copolymers (BAF127) was developed in this work. The hydrogel with dynamic covalent chemically and micellar physically double-cross-linked networks exhibited rapid gelation and shear thinning properties. Besides, the hydrogel possessed functions, such as adaptable mechanical strength, self-healability, liquid-absorption, or drainage and tissue adhesion, which are important for wound treatment. Studies on cytocompatibility and histopathology by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide tests, live/death staining, and cell counting kit 8 assay demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of the hydrogels. After it was applied in the deep partial-thickness burn model, the hydrogel contributed effectively in promoting burn wound repair. Therefore, the HA-az-F127 hydrogel combined multiple functions in one system, demonstrating potential application in promoting burn wound healing