Overview of Positioning Techniques for LTE Technology

This paper explains about the capabilities of location positioning in wireless broadband communications and potential of hybrid positioning which are based on long term evolution (LTE) system. Mobile positioning technology has become a widely used in condition such as emergency and also in commercial services. Nowadays, with the presence of LTE technology there is a new mission on enabling Enhanced 911 (E911) and location-based services (LBS) on these 4G/5G networks. The positioning methods that were supported for LTE technology are Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) method, Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). A hybrid positioning system is a combination of such technologies and improves positioning accuracy by implementing the different mechanisms of the different technologies. In particular, this paper describes a concept and principle of each technique and explores important technical details of the location positioning techniques

Analysis on Energy and Coverage Issues in Wireless Sensor Network

Two major fundamental issues in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are energy efficiency and coverage. Energy efficiency is the result of controlling and maintaining the energy usage. A method is considered as energy efficient if it can provide more services with the same amount of energy input, while coverage efficiency is measured by how long and how well a sensor monitors the subjected area. Hence, to obtain an energy and coverage efficiency, maximizing the coverage by reducing the energy consumption needs to be achieved. Our paper presents the potential of Derivative Harmon Search Algorithm (DHSA) in a connected WSN to achieve deployment of node that can cover optimal area and at the same time give low energy consumption

Novel Design and Implementation of MIMO Antenna for LTE Application

The quest for achieving high bandwidth connectivity that renders a complete wireless system ideal for video-intensive applications at very low power consumption using multiple inputs/multiple outputs (MIMO) dual-band combo chip with high-speed is ever-growing. A newly designed structure of the MIMO antenna four ports is implemented for efficient bandwidth broadening. The bandwidth and Sparameters of the antenna are simulated and determined. The dual-band MIMO micro-strip patch antenna comprised of four ports where the ground plane is extruded on a substrate having area 125x128 mm2 and thickness 1.6 mm. The antenna is fabricated on an inexpensive FR4 with the dielectric constant of 4.5, loss tangent ~0.019 and patch thickness of 0.035 mm. The MIMO antenna with dimension 53.5x38.25 mm2 operates at 1.8 and 2.6 GHz. The proposed antenna is found to achieve good pattern diversity, low correlation coefficient, high gain, excellent directivity, and quite reasonable bandwidth in the abovementioned range, highly suitable for LTE bands application with 10 dB return loss. The CST microwave studio program is used for the simulation, and real experimental measurements are made using Agilent Technologies E5071B VNA and the equipment inside the anechoic chamber. Measurements on the prototype antenna are carried out, and characteristic evaluations are performed for comparison. The admirable features of the results suggest that our systematic approach may constitute a basis for the design and implementation of MIMO antenna for diverse LTE applications

Optimization of Location Estimation Utilizing GDOP Technique with Cooperation of Relay Station

Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) has always played an important role in satellite navigation system. This paper presents the extension of GDOP as a location estimation technique to determine the location of a Relay Station (RS). The proposed RS scheme and architecture showed a promising potential in increasing the network coverage and extending the range of a base station. The simulation results indicate that the application of GDOP to optimize RS position has improved the Mobile station (MS) estimation accuracy

Development of Low-Cost IoT-Based Wireless Healthcare Monitoring System

According to studies, up to 99 percent of alarms triggered in hospital units are false or clinically insignificant while indicating no genuine harm to patients. However, false alarms can lead to alert overload, causing healthcare workers to miss critical occurrences that could be harmful or even fatal. The purpose of this work is to tackle the problem by developing an integrated system that can continually track the patient's health condition utilising a cloud computing platform, allowing alerts to be targeted to the appropriate medical facility personnel in a timely and orderly manner. Arduino microcontrollers are used to collect health parameters such as temperature and pulse rate and provide a real-time monitoring system for medical practitioners. Multiple sensors and an RF transceiver are attached to a small microcontroller, forming a wearable module that the patient will wear. This wearable component is wirelessly connected to the main module consisting of a larger microcontroller, where the data is then uploaded to the database in the cloud through the internet. The data can then be accessed through a web-based terminal, providing medical practitioners access through the web page. If the system detects any abrupt changes to the patient's temperature or pulse rate, a push notification will be sent to the medical practitioner's Android smartphone so that immediate action can be taken. The system is scalable as multiple wearable modules can be connected to the main module, allowing monitoring of multiple patients simultaneously. More sensors can also easily be added to the wearable module to monitor other vital health parameters such as oxygen saturation and blood pressure. The testing has indicated that the system can achieve 99.4% accuracy in temperature monitoring and 86% accuracy for pulse monitoring