Main Factors of the Spatial Development in Promoting and Hindering Agriculture Robotization in Russia

This research determines the significant differences in the level of robotization of agriculture in Russia. As the processes of robotization of agriculture can be associated with certain socio-economic characteristics of the spatial development of regions, this study aims to analyze the factors of the spatial development of regions that promote and hinder the robotization of agriculture. Having identified and systematized influencing factors makes it possible to reduce the impact of obstacles and intensify the influence of factors contributing to the introduction of robotics. A 2D projection of the characteristics of the expert group (the Phi contingency coefficient) and the results of the expert survey (the Pearson's correlation coefficient) was developed. The most significant factor in the spatial development of regions, which currently hinders the robotization of agriculture, is a share of profitable agricultural organizations in the region. According to the experts, the factors of the spatial development of region, hindering the robotization of agriculture are insufficient volumes of subsidies for the technical renewal of agriculture and investment risks in the region. The most significant factor in the spatial development of regions, contributing to the robotization of agriculture is the availability of a Developed network of servicing for robotics. Considering these factors will make it possible to choose the optimal measures of influence in order to intensify the activity in robotizing the production and rural areas. (C) 2021 INT TRANS J ENG MANAG SCI TECH

Optimization of productive costs on the basis of the marginal utility

After analyzing trends and patterns of development of the economic mechanism of resource saving in agricultural production an inverse dependence relationship has been established between the efficiency of agricultural production from the level of its resource intensity; and it has been proved that it is reasonable to reduce not all production costs, but only those types that affect the efficiency indicators of production in a negative way, and, conversely, it is reasonable to increase those types of production costs that are able to ensure the growth of productive indicators of economic activity at an agricultural enterprise. The conducted study is based on a reasonable assumption about the possibility of improving the efficiency of resource consumption with the use of an algorithm for allocation of production resources with consideration of the marginal utility of their costs. The scientific hypothesis was verified on the example of agricultural enterprises of grain specialization in the Kurgan region of the Russian Federation. Calculations showed that the optimized cost structure for grain production at agricultural enterprises of grain specialization in the Kurgan region reduces the resource intensity of marketable grain in comparison with its existed average value by 0.086 rubles or by 8.9%, increases the profit from the sale of marketable products by 194277 thousand rubles or by 30.6%, including per 1 hectare of grain crops - by 260.4 rubles or by 30.6%, for 1 centner (100 kilograms) of grain produced - by 24.1 rubles or 36.9%. The level of profitability at the same time increases by 11.4%. Thus, the economic efficiency of grain production at agricultural enterprises of grain specialization in the Kurgan region increases at allocation of production costs with consideration of their marginal utility