Carbide-Forming Groups IVB-VIB Metals: A New Territory in the Periodic Table for CVD Growth of Graphene

Early transition metals, especially groups IVB-VIB metals, can form stable carbides, which are known to exhibit excellent “noble-metal-like” catalytic activities. We demonstrate herein the applications of groups IVB-VIB metals in graphene growth using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition technique. Similar to the extensively studied Cu, Ni, and noble metals, these transition-metal foils facilitate the catalytic growth of single- to few-layer graphene. The most attractive advantage over the existing catalysts is their perfect control of layer thickness and uniformity with highly flexible experimental conditions by in situ converting the dissolved carbons into stable carbides to fully suppress the upward segregation/precipitation effect. The growth performance of graphene on these transition metals can be well explained by the periodic physicochemical properties of elements. Our work has disclosed a new territory of catalysts in the periodic table for graphene growth and is expected to trigger more interest in graphene research

The mRNA levels of the four hub genes.

(A–D) Expression of the four genes in 12 pairs of ccRCC and para-cancer tissues by qRT-PCR. (E–H) expression of the four hub genes in cancer cells and normal kidney cells by qRT-PCR (**PP<0.05).</p

Differential expression of <i>PD-1</i> and <i>CTLA-4</i> and related immunotherapy in patients in the two risk groups.

(A-B) represents the differential expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in the two risk groups. (C–F) represents the difference analysis of patients in the two risk groups when receiving immunotherapy for anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4.</p

Correlation between the expression levels of four hub genes and clinicopathology.

Correlation between the expression levels of four hub genes and clinicopathology.</p

Direct Chemical Vapor Deposition-Derived Graphene Glasses Targeting Wide Ranged Applications

Direct growth of graphene on traditional glasses is of great importance for various daily life applications. We report herein the catalyst-free atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition approach to directly synthesizing large-area, uniform graphene films on solid glasses. The optical transparency and sheet resistance of such kinds of graphene glasses can be readily adjusted together with the experimentally tunable layer thickness of graphene. More significantly, these graphene glasses find a broad range of real applications by enabling the low-cost construction of heating devices, transparent electrodes, photocatalytic plates, and smart windows. With a practical scalability, the present work will stimulate various applications of transparent, electrically and thermally conductive graphene glasses in real-life scenarios