Antiangiogenic phenylpropanoid glycosides from <i>Gynura cusimbua</i>

<p>A new phenylpropanoid glycoside, named <i>α</i>-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1↔2)-<i>β</i>-D-[4″-(8<i>E</i>)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-propenoate, 1″-O-(7<i>S</i>)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-ethyl]-glucopyranoside (<b>1</b>), together with nine known compounds (<b>2–10</b>) were isolated from the active fraction (<i>n</i><b>-</b>Butanol fraction) of <i>Gynura cusimbua</i> for the first time. The known compounds (<b>2–10</b>) were identified as phenylpropanoid glycosides on the basis of extensive spectral data and references. The antiangiogenic activities of compounds (<b>1–10</b>) were evaluated by MTT assay on HUVECs and wild-type zebrafish <i>in vivo</i> model assay. As a result, compounds <b>1</b>, <b>6</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>8</b> and <b>10</b> exhibited certain antiangiogenic activities.</p

Cobalt/Copper-Cocatalyzed Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‑<i>a</i>:3,4‑<i>a</i>′]dipyridiniums from 2<i>H</i>‑[1,2′-Bipyridin]-2-ones and 2‑Bromoacetophenones

A cobalt/copper-cocatalyzed facile synthesis of imidazo­[1,2-<i>a</i>:3,4-<i>a</i>′]­dipyridiniums from 2<i>H</i>-[1,2′-bipyridin]-2-ones and 2-bromoacetophenones is presented. This strategy provides an alternative to the imidazo­[1,2-<i>a</i>:3,4-<i>a</i>′]­dipyridinium synthesis by employing readily available substrates and a simple procedure, which would render this method potentially useful in organic synthesis