Statistics of RNA-seq data and mapped reads obtained by an RNA-Seq analysis of influenza A virus (H1N1)-infected lung epithelial (A549) cells with or without lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment.

<p>Statistics of RNA-seq data and mapped reads obtained by an RNA-Seq analysis of influenza A virus (H1N1)-infected lung epithelial (A549) cells with or without lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment.</p

Global overview of the RNA-seq data of influenza A virus-infected lung epithelial (A549) cells with or without lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment.

<p><b>(a)</b> Summary of the number of more than 1.5 fold up- or down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as determined by RNA-Seq in all four experimental conditions. For example, 368 DEGs were up-regulated in CV/C, and 90 DEGs were down-regulated in CV/C. <b>(b)</b> The Venn diagram shows the total number of overlapping DEG profiles for three comparisons (C/CV, CV/CVL_L, CV/CVL_H). <b>(c-e)</b> Detailed analysis of up-regulated and down-regulated genes among the three comparisons, e.g., comparisons of C/CV and CV/CVL_H, as shown in <b><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0173058#pone.0173058.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1E</a></b>, the single up arrow (315↑) or single down arrow (81↓) denotes 315 up-regulated DEGs or 81 down-regulated DEGs, respectively. Downwards paired arrows (12↓↓) or upwards paired arrows (9↑↑) in an overlapping area denote 12 common up-regulated DEGs or nine common down-regulated DEGs between the comparisons. An upwards arrow leftwards of a downwards arrow (31↑↓) denotes 31 up-regulated DEGs in C/CV but down-regulated in CV/CVL_H. Similarly, a downwards arrow leftwards of an upwards arrow (0↓↑) denotes no up-regulated DEGs in C/CV but down-regulated DEGs in CV/CVL_H.</p

Experimental design and RNA-seq.

<p>The study groups were as follows: one group lung epithelial (A549) cells without infection (C), one group of A549 cells infected with A/PR8/34/(H1N1) (CV), two groups of A549 cells infected with A/PR8/34/(H1N1) at the low concentration of lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment (400 μg/ml) (CVL_L), and two groups of A549 cells infected with A/PR8/34/(H1N1) at the high concentration of lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment (800 μg/ml) (CVL_H).</p

Heatmap depicting the emerging DEGs.

<p><b>E)</b> Heatmap of 70 DEGs that was up-regulated solely by lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment (high expression: yellow; low expression: green). <b>F)</b> Heatmap of 96 DEGs that was down-regulated solely by lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment (high expression: yellow; low expression: green).</p

Bioinformatics analysis of the DEGs regulated by lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment.

<p><b>a)</b> Comparison of 117 down-regulated genes regulated by lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment among five samples. <b>b)</b> Heatmap showing 23 DEGs regulated by lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment among five samples (high expression: yellow; low expression: green). <b>c)</b> Comparison of 29 up-regulated genes regulated by lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment among five samples. <b>d)</b> Heatmap showing 121 DEGs regulated by lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment among five samples (high expression: yellow; low expression: green). <b>e)</b> Enrichment analysis results of 146 DEGs regulated by lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment using the reactome database.</p

Enriched KEGG pathway of DEGs in lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment.

<p>Enriched KEGG pathway of DEGs in lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment.</p

An HPLC chromatogram of QC product without processed aconite roots (negative control)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "An optimized high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for benzoylmesaconine determination in (, aconite roots) and its products"</p><p>http://www.cmjournal.org/content/3/1/6</p><p>Chinese Medicine 2008;3():6-6.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2430698.</p><p></p

An HPLC chromatogram of BMA in processed aconite roots (batch no 040406-01)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "An optimized high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for benzoylmesaconine determination in (, aconite roots) and its products"</p><p>http://www.cmjournal.org/content/3/1/6</p><p>Chinese Medicine 2008;3():6-6.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2430698.</p><p></p