26 research outputs found

    The family club activities for organizing a social partnership of the pre-school educational institution and the family

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    © 2016 by author/s.The urgency of the theme is caused by the need for interaction between the family and the preschool educational organization towards a fully and harmoniously developed personality. Of all the forms of cooperation of educational organizations and families, the most relevant is a social partnership, where the subjects have common interests, equal rights and are equally responsible for the quality of educational results. This article is aimed at solving problems while organizing the social partnership of the pre-school educational institution and families by means of a family club. The leading approach to the study of this problem is systemic activity allowing to represent the cooperation of all the participants of educational process: parents, teachers, psychologists and children. The article describes the developed and implemented activities program of the family club for organizing the social partnership of the pre-school educational institution and the family, where the coordinating role belongs to teachers of the pre-school institutions. The article can be useful for educators working within pre-school education

    Пам’яті професора Юрія Павловича Благого

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    Пам’яті професора Юрія Павловича Благог

    Pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion syndrome

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    Ischemia/reperfusion syndrome is a collective concept that combines various pathological conditions developing against the background of the restoration of the main blood flow in the organ or limb segment, which has long been subjected to ischemia or traumatic amputation. Intensive care physicians often see ischemia/reperfusion syndrome after restoration of blood supply in patients with critical ischemia of the lower limb. The rate of critical ischemia of the lower limbs ranges from 400 to 1000 cases per 1 million of the population. The number of lower limb amputations due to critical lower limb ischemia in economically developed countries is 13.7-32.3 cases per 100,000 of the population. The main etiological factors of critical lower limb ischemia are atherosclerosis of peripheral vessels and vascular complications of diabetes. The pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion syndrome is based on a complex of pathophysiological changes resulting from the restoration of blood flow in previously ischemic lower limb. Restoration of blood circulation leads to massive flow into the systemic bloodstream of anaerobic metabolism products, free myoglobin, biologically active substances and inflammatory mediators. The main sources of reperfusion damage are activated forms of oxygen, in particular, superoxide radical О2-, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation products. In the conditions of primary ischemia, and then tissue reperfusion, excessive production of activated oxygen forms leads to damage of biological structures (lipids, proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid), which causes disruption of normal cell functioning or its death due to necrosis or apoptosis, ion pump dysfunction, adhesion of leukocytes and increased vascular permeability

    Efficacy of plasma exchange in patients with ischemia-reperfusion syndrome of the lower extremities

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    Aim. Optimization of treatment of patients with critical lower limb ischemia in ischemia-reperfusion syndrome by a combination of infusion therapy and plasma exchange. Methods. The study included 58 patients (48 men, 10 women) aged 52 to 87 years (mean age 67.1±6.2 years) operated for critical lower limb ischemia. In the postoperative period all patients received standard conservative treatment. Depending on its effectiveness, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=30) with a positive response to the treatment and group 2 (n=28) where plasma exchange was required. The indications for plasma exchange were a decrease in the rate of diuresis <0.5 ml/kg/h after the surgery for 4-6 hours, exceeding 5 times the normal values of creatine phosphokinase and 3 times the level of myoglobin. Results. In 48% of patients (group 2), deterioration of the condition was registered, which manifested by deterioration of the state, increase in shortness of breath, decrease in the rate of diuresis. In the laboratory analysis of patients of group 2, attention was drawn to an increase in the level of myoglobin to 287.8±30.1 ng/ml, creatine phosphokinase activity to 1769.3±191.8 u/l, and that of lactate to 2.2±0.3 mmol/l. These parameters exceeded not only the normal values, but also the indicators of group 1. These changes indicated the manifestation of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome and the threat of acute kidney injury. Plasma exchange was accompanied by clinical improvement (decrease in shortness of breath, increase in the rate of diuresis) and pronounced positive dynamics of laboratory parameters. The inclusion of plasma exchange into the complex therapy of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome was accompanied by an increase in the rate of diuresis by 1.7 times (p <0.05), a decrease in the level of myoglobin by 3.1 times (p <0.05) and the activity of creatine phosphokinase by 2.8 times (p <0.05). Conclusion. The use of plasma exchange during the first hours of clinical and laboratory manifestations of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome can prevent the development of fatal complications associated with the progression of this syndrome

    UROGENITAL TRACT MICROFLORA IN SEXUAL PARTNERS WITH CHRONIC GENITOURINARY TRICHOMONIASIS

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    Trichomonas infection is a scientific and clinical problem in dermatology, urology, obstetrics and gynecology. This infection in men and women is often causes to urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis, post-abortion infection, premature labor and other diseases. This literature review has shown that in spite of a lot of numbers of scientific data concerning the impact of trichomoniasis to urogenital bioceonosis of both men and women, there is no enough data about influence of trichomoniasis to urinary microecology in sexual partners. Meanwhile, this question is in the field of scientific and applied interest and need to be studied

    Біофізичному віснику – 20 років

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    Біофізичному віснику – 20 років

    Ранние предикторы тяжелого течения острого панкреатита

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    BACKGROUND One of the main pathogenetic aspects of the severe course of acute pancreatitis (AP) is endothelial dysfunction. Under normal physiological conditions, the endothelium has both anticoagulant and procoagulant properties. However, with the development of AP, endothelial dysfunction often begins as a diffuse activation of coagulation, which further potentiates the progression of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and thereby complicates the course of AP.  MATERIAL AND METHODS The present retrospective-prospective study included 78 patients; men — 52 (66.7%), women — 26 (33.3%) with severe AP. The mean age was 51.8±14.2 years. The patients were divided into two groups: the 1st group (n=39), based on a retrospective analysis of the data, included patients in whom the following hemostasis parameters were assessed: activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, prothrombin. The second group (n=39) included patients in whom, in addition to the above, the following indicators were evaluated: fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin III, protein C.  CONCLUSION In the course of this study, it was found that routine methods for assessing the parameters of the hemostasis system, including the determination of only activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, prothrombin, are uninformative and do not reflect the severity of the disease. A comprehensive comprehensive study of the coagulation system already in the early stages of the disease indicates an existing tendency to a severe course, which allows anticoagulant therapy to be immediately begun, thereby reducing the number of infectious complications, cases of multiple organ failure, and reducing mortality. АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ Одним из основных патогенетических аспектов тяжелого течения острого панкреатита (ОП) является эндотелиальная дисфункция. В нормальных физиологических условиях эндотелий обладает как антикоагулянтными, так и прокоагулянтными свойствами. Однако при развитии ОП эндотелиальная дисфункция нередко начинается как диффузная активация коагуляции, что еще в большей степени потенцирует прогрессирование синдрома системного воспалительного ответа (ССВО) и тем самым осложняет течение ОП.  МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В настоящее ретроспективно-проспективное исследование были включены 78 пациентов; мужчин — 52 (66,7%), женщин — 26 (33,3%) с тяжелым ОП. Средний возраст составил 51,8±14,2 года. Пациенты были разделены на две группы: в 1-ю группу (n=39) на основании ретроспективного анализа данных вошли пациенты, у которых были оценены следующие параметры гемостаза: активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время, международное нормализованное отношение, протромбин. Во вторую группу (n=39) вошли пациенты, у которых, помимо вышеперечисленных, были оценены следующие показатели: фибриноген, Д-димер, антитромбин III, протеин С.  ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ В ходе проведения данного исследования было установлено, что стандартные методы оценки параметров системы гемостаза, включают определение только активированного частичного тромбопластинового времени, международного нормализованного отношения, протромбина — малоинформативны и не отражают тяжести течения заболевания. Развернутое комплексное исследование системы коагуляции уже на ранних стадиях заболевания свидетельствует о имеющейся тенденции к тяжелому течению, что позволяет незамедлительно начать проведение антикоагулянтной терапии и тем самым снизить количество гнойно-септических осложнений, случаев развития полиорганной недостаточности — снизить летальность.

    Clinical Recommendations of the Russian Scientific Liver Society and Russian Gastroenterological Association on Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis and Their Complications

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    Aim. Current clinical recommendations are intended to supply gastroenterologists, physicians and general practitioners with modern methods for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis and fibrosis.Key points. Liver fibrosis develops with connective tissue accumulation in liver in the outcome of various chronic diseases, including alcohol misuse, viral hepatitises, autoimmune and more rare hereditary liver diseases. Liver cirrhosis is the final stage of most chronic diffuse liver diseases. The recommendations present current opinions on pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, principles of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of their main complications: hepatic encephalopathy, oesophageal and gastric variceal bleeding, acute kidney injury/hepatorenal syndrome, infectious complications (i.a. spontaneous bacterial peritonitis), hyponatraemia, pulmonary complications, etc.Conclusion. Timely diagnosis and adequate therapy in cirrhosis can prevent life-threatening complications and improve the patients’ prognosis and quality of life

    Восстановление пропульсивной функции кишечника у пациентов с тяжелым острым панкреатитом в условиях отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии

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    The intestine plays an important role in the processes of systemic inflammation, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction, in the course of hemorrhagic shock, trauma, burns, pancreatitis, extensive abdominal surgery and in seriously ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). One of the leading causes affecting the outcomes of treatment of surgical patients after interventions on the abdominal organs continues to be the syndrome of intestinal insufficiency developing in the early postoperative period, which important pathogenetic aspect is impairment of the propulsive function of the intestine.AIM OF THE STUDY Improving treatment outcomes in patients with severe acute pancreatitis by restoring propulsive bowel function.MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 94 patients with severe acute pancreatitis (67 (71.3%) men and 27 (28.7%) women) admitted to the ICU in the first 24–72 hours from the onset of the disease (abdominal pain syndrome). The mean age was 48.2 ± 12.5 years, the patients were divided into two study groups: patients of the comparison group (n=40) received standard therapy in the ICU, patients of the study group (n=54) described treatment was supplemented with the use of saline enteral solution and early start of enteral nutrition in order to restore the functional activity of the intestine.RESULTS Extended therapy with the inclusion of saline enteral solution made it possible to correct the manifestations of intestinal failure syndrome 2.4 times faster, to start enteral nutrition on day 2.1±0.8 of dynamic observation in the ICU in patients of the study group, which contributed to leveling the manifestations of intestinal failure syndrome, prevention and treatment of nutritional deficiencies. At the same time, effective intestinal peristalsis, confirmed by ultrasound, was determined in 57.4% of patients on day 2.1±1.6, in 35.1% on day 3.6±2.0, in 7.4% of patients on day 4.8±1.7 of stay in the ICU. While in the comparison group, peristalsis was determined in 37.5% of patients in 4.4±2.3 days, in 30% of patients in 6.2±1.1 days, in 27.5% in 8.1±3.6 days, in 5% of patients in 10.4±2.2 days and in 6.7% of patients it was not possible to restore effective peristalsis.CONCLUSION Enteral solution in the treatment regimen for patients with a diagnosis of “Acute severe pancreatitis” contributed to a more rapid recovery of the effective motor-evacuation function of the intestine and made it possible to reduce the number of purulent-septic complications 1.4-fold, cases of multiple organ failure 1.7-fold, and mortality 1.6-fold.Состояние кишечника играет важную роль в процессах системного воспаления, сепсиса и полиорганной дисфункции, на фоне геморрагического шока, травмы, ожогов, панкреатита, обширных операций на брюшной полости и у тяжелобольных пациентов отделений реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ). Одной из ведущих причин, влияющих на исходы лечения хирургических больных после вмешательств на органах брюшной полости, продолжает оставаться развивающийся в раннем послеоперационном периоде синдром кишечной недостаточности, важным патогенетическим аспектом которого выступает нарушение пропульсивной функции кишечника.ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Улучшение результатов лечения пациентов с тяжелым острым панкреатитом путем восстановления пропульсивной функции кишечника.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В исследование были включены 94 пациента с тяжелым острым панкреатитом: 67 (71,3%) мужчин и 27 (28,7%) женщин, поступивших в ОРИТ в первые 24–72 часа от начала заболевания (абдоминального болевого синдрома). Средний возраст — 48,2±12,5 года, больные были разделены на две группы исследования: пациентам группы сравнения (n=40) проводилась стандартная терапия в условиях ОРИТ, пациентам исследуемой группы (n=54) описанное лечение было дополнено использованием солевого энтерального раствора и ранним стартом энтерального питания с целью восстановления функциональной активности кишечника.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Расширенная терапия с включением солевого энтерального раствора позволила в 2,4 раза быст­рее корригировать проявления синдрома кишечной недостаточности, начать проведение энтерального питания на третьи (2,1±0,8 сут) динамического наблюдения в ОРИТ у пациентов исследуемой группы, что способствовало нивелированию проявлений синдрома кишечной недостаточности, предотвращению и лечению нутритивной недостаточности. При этом эффективная перистальтика кишечника, подтвержденная ультразвуковым исследованием, определялась у 57,4% пациентов на 2,1±1,6 суток, у 35,1% — на 3,6±2,0 суток, у 7,4% пациентов — на 4,8±1,7 суток пребывания в ОРИТ. В то время, как в группе сравнения перистальтика определялась у 37,5% пациентов через 4,4±2,3 суток, у 30% пациентов — через 6,2±1,1 суток, у 27,5% — через 8,1±3,6 суток, у 5% — через 10,4±2,2 суток и у 6,7% пациентов восстановить эффективную перистальтику не удалось.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Включение в схему лечения пациентов с диагнозом «Острый тяжелый панкреатит» солевого энтерального раствора способствовало более быстрому восстановлению эффективной моторно-эвакуаторной функции кишечника и позволило снизить количество гнойно-септических осложнений в 1,4 раза, случаев развития полиорганной недостаточности — в 1,7 раза, летальность — в 1,6 раза

    Влияние природы функциональных групп химических модификаторов на термическую стабильность нефтяного битума

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    It has been established that introduction of adhesives, containing groups reactive towards asphaltens, into the bitumen causes its colloid structure change. This in turn affects the irreversible change processes caused by air oxygen and elevated temperature. Maximal deceleration of thermo-oxidative destruction processes is effected by additives containing phosphate groups, either individually or together with amino groups, as the result of their interaction with bitumen asphaltens.Исследовано влияние адгезионных добавок, содержащих аминогруппы, свободные кислотные группы фосфорной кислоты, а также композицию этих групп, на изменение коллоидной структуры битума и оценена возможность ее стабилизации к процессам термоокислительной деструкции. Установлено, что максимальным модифицирующим эффектом, проявляющимся в повышении структурирующего и термостабилизирующего действия для нефтяного битума, обладают добавки, в состав которых входят фосфорсодержащие группы как в индивидуальном виде, так и в композиции с аминогруппами, что обусловлено их взаимодействием с асфальтенами битума
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