5 research outputs found
Additional file 1 of EphA2-specific microvesicles derived from tumor cells facilitate the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs for osteosarcoma therapy
Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The distributions of 0.1, 0.8 and 3Â ÎĽm latex beads, PBS, mixed latex beads, mixture of 3Â ÎĽm latex beads and MVs were analyzed by flow cytometry
Fast Contact of Solid–Liquid Interface Created High Strength Multi-Layered Cellulose Hydrogels with Controllable Size
Novel onion-like and multi-layered
tubular cellulose hydrogels
were constructed, for the first time, from the cellulose solution
in a 7% NaOH/12% urea aqueous solvent by changing the shape of the
gel cores. In our findings, the contacting of the cellulose solution
with the surface of the agarose gel rod or sphere loaded with acetic
acid led to the close chain packing to form immediately a gel layer,
as a result of the destruction of the cellulose inclusion complex
by acid through inducing the cellulose self-aggregation. Subsequently,
multi-layered cellulose hydrogels were fabricated via a multi-step
interrupted gelation process. The size, layer thickness and inter-layer
space of the multi-layered hydrogels could be controlled by adjusting
the cellulose concentrations, the gel core diameter and the contacting
time of the solid–liquid interface. The multi-layered cellulose
hydrogels displayed good architectural stability and solvent resistance.
Moreover, the hydrogels exhibited high compressive strength and excellent
biocompatibility. L929 cells could adhere and proliferate on the surface
of the layers and in interior space, showing great potential as tissue
engineering scaffolds and cell culture carrier. This work opens up
a new avenue for the construction of the high strength multi-layered
cellulose hydrogels formed from inner to outside via a fast contact
of solid–liquid interface
Hair-Inspired Crystal Growth of HOA in Cavities of Cellulose Matrix via Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Interface Interaction
As one of the most ordinary phenomena
in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant
hairs. In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as
hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic
acid (HOA) through hydrophobic–hydrophilic interface interaction,
and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed
on cellulose films. In our findings, by using solvent evaporation
induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic
cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like
crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the
experimental conditions and HOA concentration. The formation mechanism
of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties
of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. The
pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA
crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical
growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. The cellulose/HOA
submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a
result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. Furthermore,
4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission
luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA
to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence
and self-cleaning properties. This work opens up a novel one-step
pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing
natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning
optical devices
Hair-Inspired Crystal Growth of HOA in Cavities of Cellulose Matrix via Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Interface Interaction
As one of the most ordinary phenomena
in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant
hairs. In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as
hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic
acid (HOA) through hydrophobic–hydrophilic interface interaction,
and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed
on cellulose films. In our findings, by using solvent evaporation
induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic
cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like
crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the
experimental conditions and HOA concentration. The formation mechanism
of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties
of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. The
pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA
crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical
growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. The cellulose/HOA
submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a
result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. Furthermore,
4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission
luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA
to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence
and self-cleaning properties. This work opens up a novel one-step
pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing
natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning
optical devices
Construction of Chitin/PVA Composite Hydrogels with Jellyfish Gel-Like Structure and Their Biocompatibility
High
strength chitin/polyÂ(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels
(RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea
aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH)
and freezing–thawing process. The RCP hydrogels were characterized
by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential
scanning calorimetry, solid-state <sup>13</sup>C NMR, wide-angle X-ray
diffraction, and compressive test. The results revealed that the repeated
freezing/thawing cycles induced the bicrosslinked networks consisted
of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels. Interestingly, a
jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt
% PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized
tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction.
The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation
of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA
with the pore wall of chitin. The mechanical properties of RCP75 were
much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength
was 20Ă— higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of
broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks.
Furthermore, the cell culture tests indicated that the chitin/PVA
composite hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety,
showing potential applications in the field of tissue engineering