67 research outputs found

    Surgical excision promotes tumor growth and metastasis by promoting expression of MMP-9 and VEGF in a breast cancer model

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    Surgery is still the main curative therapeutic modality for breast cancer. Although surgery often results in the successful removal of the primary tumor, its process could increase the risk of metastases of residual cancer cells. Understanding of the connection between breast cancer metastasis and surgical wound will lead to the establishment of a proper treatment strategy for postoperative cancer patient. Aim: To study the influence of surgical procedure on the metastasis of primary breast cancer. Methods: We established MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer xenograft model. Levels of Pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Pro-MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in host serum and tumors were tested at different time points with ELISA and zymography and correlated to tumor growth and postoperative metastasis. Results: Our study demonstrated surgical wound had promoting effect on tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis of human breast cells, if tumor cells remain in bodies. This effect might be related to the postoperative interaction of cancer and host cells, which resulted in expression of Pro-MMP-9. Surgical process could also increase the VEGF expression in tumor tissues. Conclusions: Surgical wound-produced host Pro-MMP-9 and tumor cell VEGF might be important mediators leading to metastasis of residual breast cancer after surgery.Π₯ирургичСскоС Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ сих ΠΏΠΎΡ€ остаСтся Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ тСрапСвтичСским ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹. Π₯отя хирургичСскоС ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ случаСв достаточно эффСктивно, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ риск мСтастазирования остаточных ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ. ПониманиС связи ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ мСтастазированиСм ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡŽ постопСрационного лСчСния. ЦСль: ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС хирургичСского Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π° мСтастазированиС ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° создана модСль Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ксСнотрансплантата MDA-MB-435. Π£Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Pro-ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ‹ 9 (Pro-MMP-9) ΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° роста эндотСлия сосудов (VEGF) Π² сывороткС Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ опухолях ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ELISA ΠΈ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом опрСдСляли Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ корСлляции ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ этими ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°- ΠΈ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом опрСдСляли Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ корСлляции ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ этими ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом опрСдСляли Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ корСлляции ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ этими показатСлями, ростом ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ постопСрационными мСтастазами. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹: Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ опСрационная Ρ€Π°Π½Π° способствуСт росту ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΡΡ‚Π°Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π² случаС, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ связано с постопСрационным взаимодСйствиСм ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ экспрСссии Pro-MMP-9. Π£Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ экспрСссии VEGF ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: Pro-MMP-9, экспрСссируСмый Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π½Ρƒ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ VEGF, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ мСтастазирования остаточных ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ послС хирургичСского Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°

    Predictions of total and total reaction cross sections for nucleon-nucleus scattering up to 300 MeV

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    Total reaction cross sections are predicted for nucleons scattering from various nuclei. Projectile energies to 300 MeV are considered. So also are mass variations of those cross sections at selected energies. All predictions have been obtained from coordinate space optical potentials formed by full folding effective two-nucleon (NN) interactions with one body density matrix elements (OBDME) of the nuclear ground states. Good comparisons with data result when effective NN interactions defined by medium modification of free NN t matrices are used. Coupled with analyses of differential cross sections, these results are sensitive to details of the model ground states used to describe nuclei

    Interpretation of human and robot emblematic gestures: How do they differ?

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    Human gestures are often directly adopted in gesture design for humanoid robots when human-robot interaction is considered, but the interpretations of human and robot gestures can vary due to the structural difference between human and robot and due to people's perceptual difference of human and robot. In this paper, we investigate how people interpret human and robot gestures differently using emblematic gestures, a type of gesture with specific verbal translations. Nine commonly used emblems performed by a human were evaluated by 32 participants, and the nine emblems performed by a NAO humanoid robot were evaluated by another 32 participants. We compared participants' interpretations of the human and robot emblems systematically. The results indicate that the multimessage gesture and multigesture message characteristics of human emblems also exist in robot emblems. However, participants' recognition rates of robot emblems are lower than those of human emblems in many cases. The human and robot emblems can also vary in interpretations and corresponding percentages. Some in
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