Supplementary document for Needle of longitudinally polarized light using the circular Airy beam - 6768983.pdf

The difference between inward and outward circular Airy beams, the modulation effect of positive and negative cone angles, the importance of the evanescent waves, the detailed derivation of the angular spectrum using the stationary phase method, an

l‑Proline-Grafted Mesoporous Silica with Alternating Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Blocks to Promote Direct Asymmetric Aldol and Knoevenagel–Michael Cascade Reactions

Promotion of heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis is of major interest in the asymmetric catalysis field. In this work, a novel strategy for the synthesis of l-proline-grafted mesoporous silica with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks to promote the heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis was reported. The surface synergies in the neat environment and the interface acceleration in aqueous medium thereby fostered high catalytic activities and enantioselectivity in the direct aldol reaction and the Knoevenagel–Michael cascade reaction. The l-proline loading could be reduced to as low as 0.63 mol %, giving 95% ee for <i>anti</i>-isomers and 81% ee for <i>syn</i>-isomers in the catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone, which was hard to accomplish on the homogeneous counterpart. In the direct asymmetric aldol reaction of ethyl-2-oxoacetate and cyclohexanone, 82% yield in 24 h and 90% ee were achieved. More exciting, the catalysts were applied to more exigent reactions. As an example, in the Knoevenagel–Michael cascade reaction, 85% yield in 10 h and up to 91% ee was achieved

Lattice-Confined Sn (IV/II) Stabilizing Raft-Like Pt Clusters: High Selectivity and Durability in Propane Dehydrogenation

Catalytic dehydrogenation of propane (DHP) to propene is highly endothermic, requiring a high reaction temperature. Under harsh conditions, it has been a great challenge to maintain excellent propene selectivity and suppress the irreversible deactivation caused by sintering of metallic active centers. This work reports a highly selective and durable Pt–Sn catalyst for DHP, in which metallic Pt centers are dispersed homogeneously in small raft-like clusters on Mg­(Sn)­(Al)­O and form strong interactions with the Sn^IV/II sites confined in Mg­(Al)O lattices. A propene selectivity of >99% at 550 °C with a conversion close to the equilibrium (specific rate of 0.96 s^–1 for propene formation) and a propene selectivity of >98% (specific rate of 1.46 s^–1) even under 600 °C have been produced by highly dispersed Pt sites in Pt/Mg­(Sn)­(Al)­O. The Pt–Sn interactions and Sn^IV/II confinement were revealed to afford the catalyst with good durability. No visible sintering of Pt clusters was observed in the long-term DHP reaction

Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Efficiency of BiVO₄ Photoanodes by a Hybrid Structure of Layered Double Hydroxide and Graphene

Making solar fuels, e.g., hydrogen from water splitting, is one of the most critical pathways to developing a clean energy economy. The overall water splitting includes two half-reactions, i.e., water reduction and water oxidation, in which the latter is a speed-limiting step because of its multiproton-coupled four-electron process. It is highly desirable to improve the efficiency of the prevailing photoelectrochemical (PEC) anodes. We constructed an integrated BiVO₄ photoanode modified with a hybrid structure of CoAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and graphene (G), i.e., G@LDH@BiVO₄. This triadic photoanode exhibited a remarkably enhanced performance toward PEC water oxidation, compared to LDH@BiVO₄ and pristine BiVO₄. The photocurrent density of G@LDH@BiVO₄ achieved 2.13 mA·cm^–2 (at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), 4 times higher than that of pristine BiVO₄. The oxidation efficiency is as high as 80% even at a low bias (<0.8 V vs RHE). The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of G@LDH@BiVO₄ reaches 52% at 400 nm, 2.5 times higher than that of BiVO₄. The photoconversion efficiency peaked at 0.55% at a bias of 0.72 V, a 25-fold increase over that of BiVO₄. The findings indicated that the improvement of charge separation efficiency is mainly ascribed to graphene. The enhanced charge transfer efficiency is a consequence of the synergy of graphene and an LDH, where the LDH is capable of expediting water oxidation kinetics and graphene promotes photogenerated charge transfer

LncRNA H19-elevated LIN28B promotes lung cancer progression through sequestering miR-196b

<p>LncRNA H19 is involved in the development of multiple cancers. Here, we firstly provide new evidence that H19 can induce LIN28B, a conserved RNA binding protein, to accelerate lung cancer growth through sponging miR-196b. Abundance in LIN28B was observed in clinical lung cancer samples. A positive link was observed between H19 and LIN28B in clinical lung cancer samples. In lung cancer cells, H19 was capable of increasing LIN28B expression. Mechanistically, miR-196b directly targeted LIN28B to inhibit LIN28B expression. H19 was capable of promoting LIN28B expression through sequestering miR-196b. Functionally, H19-increased LIN28B conferred the cell proliferation of lung cancer. Our finding indicates that H19 depresses miR-196b to elevate LIN28B, resulting in accelerating cell proliferation in lung cancer.</p

High-Density Dispersion of Atomic Pt (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir) Induced by Meso-Stable Penta-Coordinated Fe^III in the Topological Transformation of Layered Double Hydroxides

Atomically dispersed metal sites afford high activity or selectivity in many heterogeneous catalytic reactions. It is still an open challenge to achieve a high-density dispersion of atomic metals. Herein, this work demonstrates a facile strategy to boost the dispersion density of atomic metals by the induction of meso-stable lattice distortion sites in the topological transformation of layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Meso-stable penta-coordinated FeIII, resulting from the difference in the thermal stability between Mg–OH and Fe–OH in a LDH lattice, is utilized from MgFe–LDHs as anchoring sites for atomic Pt. The dispersion density of atomic Pt reaches 2.0 Pt1/nm2. This strategy in the topological transformation of LDHs has been successfully extended to prepare high-density atomic Ru, Ir, Pd, and Rh. In both catalytic oxidation of HCHO and hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol, high-density atomic Pt affords high turnover frequency (TOF) by the simultaneous high-efficiency activation of multimolecules on adjacent atomic Pt sites. In HCHO oxidation, high-density atomic Pt affords high mass activity under a high concentration, high space velocity, and low temperature. In furfuryl alcohol hydrogenation, high-density atomic Pt affords high mass activity while retaining >99% selectivity of 2-methylfuran