DataSheet_1_Establishment and experimental validation of a novel cuproptosis-related gene signature for prognostic implication in cholangiocarcinoma.zip

BackgroundCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant, heterogeneous bile duct malignancy with poor treatment options. A novel type of cell death termed cuproptosis was recently demonstrated to closely correlate with tumor progression. To gain more insight into the role of cuproptosis in CCA, we investigated the prognostic implications of cuproptosis related genes (CRGs) and their relationship to the development of CCA.MethodsGene expression data for CCA were obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) database. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized Cox regression was used to construct a prognostic risk model based on CRGs. RNA-seq, qRT−PCR and immunohistochemistry staining were used to verify the expression of CRGs in human CCA tissues or cell lines. Further in vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate the role of cuproptosis in CCA.ResultsWe established a 4-gene signature (ATP7A, FDX1, DBT and LIAS) that exhibited good stability and was an independent prognostic factor for CCA. Seventy-five CCA samples were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the risk score. Enrichment analysis revealed increased extracellular activity in the high-risk group and increased lipid metabolic activity in the low-risk group. Moreover, the 4 signature genes were verified in clinical samples and cell lines by RNA-seq, qRT−PCR and immunohistochemistry. Further experiments confirmed that cuproptosis can significantly inhibit the viability of CCA cells. Knockdown of the key gene LIAS ameliorated the toxicity of cuproptosis to CCA cells.ConclusionWe established a 4-gene prognostic signature based on cuproptosis and explored the role of cuproptosis in CCA. The results provide an effective indicator for predicting the prognosis of cuproptosis in CCA.</p

A Review of Homomorphic Encryption for Privacy-Preserving Biometrics

The advancement of biometric technology has facilitated wide applications of biometrics in law enforcement, border control, healthcare and financial identification and verification. Given the peculiarity of biometric features (e.g., unchangeability, permanence and uniqueness), the security of biometric data is a key area of research. Security and privacy are vital to enacting integrity, reliability and availability in biometric-related applications. Homomorphic encryption (HE) is concerned with data manipulation in the cryptographic domain, thus addressing the security and privacy issues faced by biometrics. This survey provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art HE research in the context of biometrics. Detailed analyses and discussions are conducted on various HE approaches to biometric security according to the categories of different biometric traits. Moreover, this review presents the perspective of integrating HE with other emerging technologies (e.g., machine/deep learning and blockchain) for biometric security. Finally, based on the latest development of HE in biometrics, challenges and future research directions are put forward

Complex grain images.

<p>(a) Rice image, (b) Corn image.</p

FOXL1 overexpression induced mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-mediated apoptosis.

<p>(<b>A</b>) The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) is indicated by a decrease in the red/green fluorescence intensity ratio. X axis indicates green fluorescence intensity; Y axis indicates red fluorescence intensity. The results shown are representative of three experiments. (<b>B</b>) The proportion of red fluorescence-positive cells decreased while the proportion of green fluorescence-positive cells increased after transfection with pcDNA-FOXL1 (P<0.05). (<b>C</b>) Western blot analysis showed the level of cytosolic cytochrome c markedly increased, while the level of mitochondrial cytochrome c markedly decreased. (<b>D</b>) The levels of cleaved caspase-9, 3 and PARP and bax were elevated, while the level of bcl-2 was decreased. *indicates significant difference.</p

Forkhead Box L1 Is Frequently Downregulated in Gallbladder Cancer and Inhibits Cell Growth through Apoptosis Induction by Mitochondrial Dysfunction

<div><p>Background</p><p>Forkhead box L1 (FOXL1), considered as a novel candidate tumor suppressor, suppresses proliferation and invasion in certain cancers. However, the regulation and function of FOXL1 in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unclear.</p><p>Methods</p><p>FOXL1 expression at mRNA and protein levels in GBC tissues and cell lines were examined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot assay. FOXL1 expression in GBC cell lines was up-regulated by transfection with pcDNA-FOXL1. The effects of FOXL1 overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were evaluated in vitro or in vivo. In addition, the status of mediators involved in migration, invasion and apoptosis was examined using western blot after transfection with pcDNA-FOXL1.</p><p>Results</p><p>FOXL1 was frequently downregulated in GBC tissues and cell lines. Its higher expression is associated with better prognosis, while its lower expression is correlated with advanced TNM stage and poor differentiation. FOXL1 overexpression in NOZ cells significantly suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumorigenicity in nude mice. FOXL1 overexpression disrupted mitochondrial transmembrane potential and triggered mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in NOZ cells. In addition, FOXL1 overexpression suppressed ZEB1 expression and induced E-cadherin expression in NOZ cells.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our findings suggested that dysregulated FOXL1 is involved in tumorigenesis and progression of GBC and may serve as a predictor of clinical outcome or even a therapeutic target for patients with GBC.</p></div

Statistical modeling of image spatial structure.

<p>(a) Original rice image <i>I</i>.(b) GDF result (<i>I</i> * <i>G</i>_1,<i>σ</i>) of rice image in (a). (c) Statistical modeling of filtering image with WD and GD models.</p

Frequency responses of <i>G</i>_<i>κ</i>.

<p>Frequency responses of <i>G</i>_<i>κ</i>.</p

Plot of frequency responses of Gabor filters under different scales and different orientations.

<p>Plot of frequency responses of Gabor filters under different scales and different orientations.</p

Rice quality classification results by GLCM/GLRM and WTA features with SMK–LSSVM classifier.

<p>Rice quality classification results by GLCM/GLRM and WTA features with SMK–LSSVM classifier.</p

Gaussian derivative filters with specific directions.

<p><b>(a)</b><i>G</i>^<i>θ</i>_1,<i>σ</i><b>.(b)</b><i>G</i>^<i>θ</i>_2,<i>σ</i>.</p