Teleportation-Based Quantum Computation, Extended Temperley-Lieb Diagrammatical Approach and Yang--Baxter Equation

This paper focuses on the study of topological features in teleportation-based quantum computation as well as aims at presenting a detailed review on teleportaiton-based quantum computation (Gottesman and Chuang, Nature 402, 390, 1999). In the extended Temperley-Lieb diagrammatical approach, we clearly show that such topological features bring about the fault-tolerant construction of both universal quantum gates and four-partite entangled states more intuitive and simpler. Furthermore, we describe the Yang--Baxter gate by its extended Temperley-Lieb configuration, and then study teleportation-based quantum circuit models using the Yang--Baxter gate. Moreover, we discuss the relationship between the extended Temperley-Lieb diagrammatical approach and the Yang-Baxter gate approach. With these research results, we propose a worthwhile subject, the extended Temperley-Lieb diagrammatical approach, for physicists in quantum information and quantum computation.Comment: Latex, 47 pages, many figure

Effects of Graphene/BN Encapsulation, Surface Functionalization and Molecular Adsorption on the Electronic Properties of Layered InSe: A First-Principles Study

By using first-principles calculations, we investigated the effects of graphene/boron nitride (BN) encapsulation, surface functionalization by metallic elements (K, Al, Mg and typical transition metals) and molecules (tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE)) on the electronic properties of layered indium selenide (InSe). It was found that an opposite trend of charge transfer is possible for graphene (donor) and BN (acceptor), which is dramatically different from phosphorene where both graphene and BN play the same role (donor). For InSe/BN heterostructure, a change of the interlayer distance due to an out-of-plane compression can effectively modulate the band gap. Strong acceptor abilities to InSe were found for the TCNE and TCNQ molecules. For K, Al and Mg-doped monolayer InSe, the charge transfer from K and Al atoms to the InSe surface was observed, causing an n-type conduction of InSe, while p-type conduction of InSe observed in case of the Mg-doping. The atomically thin structure of InSe enables the possible observation and utilization of the dopant-induced vertical electric field across the interface. A proper adoption of the n- or p-type dopants allows for the modulation of the work function, the Fermi level pinning, the band bending, and the photo-adsorbing efficiency near the InSe surface/interface. Investigation on the adsorption of transition metal atoms on InSe showed that Ti-, V-, Cr-, Mn-, Co-adsorbed InSe are spin-polarized, while Ni-, Cu-, Pd-, Ag- and Au-adsorbed InSe are non-spin-polarized. Our results shed lights on the possible ways to protect InSe structure and modulate its electronic properties for nanoelectronics and electrochemical device applications

Exploring the Charge Localization and Band Gap Opening of Borophene: A First-Principles Study

Recently synthesized two-dimensional (2D) boron, borophene, exhibits a novel metallic behavior rooted in the s-p orbital hybridization, distinctively different from other 2D materials such as sulfides/selenides and semi-metallic graphene. This unique feature of borophene implies new routes for charge delocalization and band gap opening. Herein, using first-principles calculations, we explore the routes to localize the carriers and open the band gap of borophene via chemical functionalization, ribbon construction, and defect engineering. The metallicity of borophene is found to be remarkably robust against H- and F-functionalization and the presence of vacancies. Interestingly, a strong odd-even oscillation of the electronic structure with width is revealed for H-functionalized borophene nanoribbons, while an ultra-high work function (~ 7.83 eV) is found for the F-functionalized borophene due to its strong charge transfer to the atomic adsorbates

Large Electronic Anisotropy and Enhanced Chemical Activity of Highly Rippled Phosphorene

We investigate the electronic structure and chemical activity of rippled phosphorene induced by large compressive strains via first-principles calculation. It is found that phosphorene is extraordinarily bendable, enabling the accommodation of ripples with large curvatures. Such highly rippled phosphorene shows a strong anisotropy in electronic properties. For ripples along the armchair direction, the band gap changes from 0.84 to 0.51 eV for the compressive strain up to -20% and further compression shows no significant effect, for ripples along the zigzag direction, semiconductor to metal transition occurs. Within the rippled phosphorene, the local electronic properties, such as the modulated band gap and the alignments of frontier orbitals, are found to be highly spatially dependent, which may be used for modulating the injection and confinement of carriers for optical and photovoltaic applications. The examination of the interaction of a physisorbed NO molecule with the rippled phosphorene under different compressive strains shows that the chemical activities of the phosphorene are significantly enhanced at the top and bottom peaks of the ripples, indicated by the enhanced adsorption and charge transfer between them. All these features can be ascribed to the effect of curvatures, which modifies the orbital coupling between atoms at the ripple peaks

SurgicalSAM: Efficient Class Promptable Surgical Instrument Segmentation

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a powerful foundation model that has revolutionised image segmentation. To apply SAM to surgical instrument segmentation, a common approach is to locate precise points or boxes of instruments and then use them as prompts for SAM in a zero-shot manner. However, we observe two problems with this naive pipeline: (1) the domain gap between natural objects and surgical instruments leads to poor generalisation of SAM; and (2) SAM relies on precise point or box locations for accurate segmentation, requiring either extensive manual guidance or a well-performing specialist detector for prompt preparation, which leads to a complex multi-stage pipeline. To address these problems, we introduce SurgicalSAM, a novel end-to-end efficient-tuning approach for SAM to effectively integrate surgical-specific information with SAM's pre-trained knowledge for improved generalisation. Specifically, we propose a lightweight prototype-based class prompt encoder for tuning, which directly generates prompt embeddings from class prototypes and eliminates the use of explicit prompts for improved robustness and a simpler pipeline. In addition, to address the low inter-class variance among surgical instrument categories, we propose contrastive prototype learning, further enhancing the discrimination of the class prototypes for more accurate class prompting. The results of extensive experiments on both EndoVis2018 and EndoVis2017 datasets demonstrate that SurgicalSAM achieves state-of-the-art performance while only requiring a small number of tunable parameters. The source code will be released at https://github.com/wenxi-yue/SurgicalSAM.Comment: Technical Report. The source code will be released at https://github.com/wenxi-yue/SurgicalSA

Dynamical spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar models in anti-de Sitter spacetime

The phenomenon of spontaneous scalarization of charged black holes has attracted a lot of attention. In this work, we study the dynamical process of the spontaneous scalarization of charged black hole in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar models. Including various non-minimal couplings between the scalar field and Maxwell field, we observe that an initial scalar-free configuration suffers tachyonic instability and both the scalar field and the black hole irreducible mass grow exponentially at early times and saturate exponentially at late times. For fractional couplings, we find that though there is negative energy distribution near the black hole horizon, the black hole horizon area never decreases. But when the parameters are large, the evolution endpoints of linearly unstable bald black holes will be spacetimes with naked singularity and the cosmic censorship is violated. The effects of the black hole charge, cosmological constant and coupling strength on the dynamical scalarization process are studied in detail. We find that large enough cosmological constant can prevent the spontaneous scalarization.Comment: 20pages,8figure

Deletion or insertion in the first immunoglobulin-plexin-transcription (IPT) domain differentially regulates expression and tumorigenic activities of RON receptor Tyrosine Kinase

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Activation of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase, a member of the c-MET family, regulates tumorigenic phenotypes. The RON extracellular domains are critical in regulating these activities. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the first IPT domain in regulating RON-mediated tumorigenic activities and the underlying mechanisms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two RON variants, RON160 and RON^E5/6inwith deletion and insertion in the first IPT domain, respectively, were molecularly cloned. RON160 was a splicing variant generated by deletion of 109 amino acids encoded by exons 5 and 6. In contrast, RON^E5/6inwas derived from a transcript with an insertion of 20 amino acids between exons 5 and 6. Both RON160 and RON^E5/6inwere proteolytically matured into two-chain receptor and expressed on the cell surface. RON160 was constitutively active with tyrosine phosphorylation. However, activation of RON^E5/6inrequired ligand stimulation. Deletion resulted in the resistance of RON160 to proteolytic digestion by cell associated trypsin-like enzymes. RON160 also resisted anti-RON antibody-induced receptor internalization. These features contributed to sustained intracellular signaling cascades. On the other hand, RON^E5/6inwas highly susceptible to protease digestion, which led to formation of a truncated variant known as RONp110. RON^E5/6inalso underwent rapid internalization upon anti-RON antibody treatment, which led to signaling attenuation. Although ligand-induced activation of RON^E5/6inpartially caused epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), it was RON160 that showed cell-transforming activities in cell focus formation and anchorage-independent growth. RON160-mediated EMT is also associated with increased motile/invasive activity.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Alterations in the first IPT domain in extracellular region differentially regulate RON mediated tumorigenic activities. Deletion of the first IPT results in formation of oncogenic variant RON160. Enhanced degradation and internalization with attenuated signaling cascades could be the mechanisms underlying non-tumorigenic features of RON^E5/6in.</p