ICT関連イノベーションの国際比較 ： 特許データによる考察

本稿では、アメリカUSPTOに登録された各国の特許情報に基づき、日本を始め、アメリカ、ヨーロッパおよびアジア諸国・地域における情報技術に関連するイノベーションの国際比較を行った。 得られた結果は以下のように要約できる。特許の登録件数では、アメリカ、日本、EU15カ国の順に多いが、最近では、アジア各国の成長が著しい。また、フィンランドやアイランドのような情報化先進国とともに、日本や韓国のICT特許の特化係数が最も高いことが分かる。特許一件当たりの引用回数により特許の質をみると、アメリカの被引用件数が最も多く、日本とEU がこれに次ぎ、アジア諸国の引用される回数は少ない。技術スピルオーバーについては、アメリカとアジアは、他国よりイノベーションの成果を吸収しているのに対し、日本とEUは逆に他国にイノベーション成果を流出させているといえる

Empirical Analysis of Patent Litigation: A Comparison Study between Japan and China

　In this paper, we gathered the data from public sources for analyzing the outcomes of 531 cases and 785 cases decided respectively by Japanese and Chinese courts at the first trial of patent litigations between 2004 and 2016. Using these data, we implemented a comparison analysis on recent patent litigations between Japan and China. Moreover, combining with information from Patstat, a patent database, for the patents infringed, we did an empirical analysis on determinants of trail win rate and rewards in patent litigations both for Japan and China. 　Our estimated results suggest that China has the determinants on rates of success and appeal which very similar to those in Japanese patent suits. On the other hand, however, for infringement awards, those that influence the outcome of the courts are quite different between the two countries

Pix3D: Dataset and Methods for Single-Image 3D Shape Modeling

We study 3D shape modeling from a single image and make contributions to it in three aspects. First, we present Pix3D, a large-scale benchmark of diverse image-shape pairs with pixel-level 2D-3D alignment. Pix3D has wide applications in shape-related tasks including reconstruction, retrieval, viewpoint estimation, etc. Building such a large-scale dataset, however, is highly challenging; existing datasets either contain only synthetic data, or lack precise alignment between 2D images and 3D shapes, or only have a small number of images. Second, we calibrate the evaluation criteria for 3D shape reconstruction through behavioral studies, and use them to objectively and systematically benchmark cutting-edge reconstruction algorithms on Pix3D. Third, we design a novel model that simultaneously performs 3D reconstruction and pose estimation; our multi-task learning approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on both tasks.Comment: CVPR 2018. The first two authors contributed equally to this work. Project page: http://pix3d.csail.mit.ed

Synthesis and Optical Performances of a Waterborne Polyurethane-Based Polymeric Dye

A waterborne polyurethane-based polymeric dye (WPU-CFBB) was synthesized by anchoring 1, 4-bis(methylamino)anthraquinone (CFBB) to waterborne polyurethane chains. The number molecular weight, glass transition temperature, and average emulsion particle size for the polymeric dye were determined, respectively. This polymeric dye exhibited intriguing optical behaviors. The polymeric dye engendered two new absorption bands centered at about 520 nm and 760 nm if compared with CFBB in UV-vis spectra. The 760 nm peak showed hypsochromic shift with the decrease of average particle sizes. The polymeric dye dramatically demonstrated both hypsochromic and bathochromic effects with increasing temperature. The fluorescence intensity of the polymeric dye was much higher than that of CFBB. It was found that the fluorescence intensities would be enhanced from 20°C to 40°C and then decline from 40°C to 90°C. The fluorescence of the polymeric dye emulsion was very stable and was not sensitive to quenchers

Does the Structure of Multinational Enterprises' Activity Affect Technology Spillovers?

We examine how the structure of multinational enterprises' (MNEs') activity affects technology spillovers between MNEs and their host economies by using firm-level data of Japanese MNEs and patent citations data. We construct new measures of foreign direct investment (FDI) by exploiting information on sales and purchases of foreign affiliates of MNEs. Pure horizontal (vertical) FDI is defined as FDI with a high share of transactions (i.e., both purchases of inputs and sales of outputs) in the local market (with the home country). Partially horizontal and vertical FDI are also defined. We then estimate the effects of these types of FDI on technology spillovers captured by patent citations. Our findings reveal that when developed economies host Japanese MNEs, pure vertical FDI has significantly positive effects on technology spillovers in both directions. When developing economies host Japanese MNEs, by contrast, no form of FDI significantly facilitates technology spillovers in either direction.

Does Tobin's q Matter for Firms' Choices of Globalization Mode?

In this paper, we investigate empirically how firms' choices of globalization mode differ according to their productivity and Tobin's q using firm-level data of Japanese firms. Our findings support predictions by Helpman, Melitz, and Yeaple (2004) and by Chen, Horstmann, and Markusen (2008). That is, we find that firms with higher productivity tend to choose more foreign direct investment (FDI) and less exporting. We also find that firms with higher Tobin's q tend to choose more FDI and less foreign outsourcing of production. The difference in productivity is relatively less important for the choice between FDI and foreign outsourcing, and the difference in Tobin's q is relatively less important for the choice between exporting and FDI. Because the indexes of globalization activities have a strong negatively skewed distribution, our results indicate that quantile regression would be appropriate to analyze the relationship between firm characteristics and choice of globalization mode.

Study on the correlation between river network patterns and topography in the Haihe River basin

In recent decades, the river network patterns (RNPs) in China’s Haihe River basin have changed dramatically, and the topology of the river network has become increasingly complex. It is important to quantitatively study the correlation between river network patterns and topography (CRNPT) and the changes in the correlation. In this paper, the Haihe River basin was spatially gridded (4 km × 4 km), and different geomorphological areas were extracted for a multiarea study. We selected topographic and river network indicators and proposed new indicators to characterize regional topographic ‘stressfulness’ and then used redundancy analysis for correlation studies. The results showed that the variance of RNP explained by topography was 53.39%. The combined contribution of the topographic wetness index (TWI) and topographic wetness stress index (TSI) ranged from 35.66% to 78.29% in multiple areas, and the TSI showed stronger explanatory power. The regional effect of the CRNPT was significant, with mountains and transition areas having higher effects than plain areas. Compared to the natural river network, the CRNPT of the current river network was significantly lower. Among the RNP indicators, the artificial channel proportion (Pac) had the highest proportion of variance, and the CRNPT was strongly influenced by artificial channels. Artificial channels changed the consistency of topography with the RNP and reduced the topographic interpretation of the RNP, which may weaken the stability and hydrological connectivity of the river network. The variation in interpretation was related to the distribution of artificial channels, which showed a logarithmic function relationship between them

Comparative Analysis of ICT-related Patents and Citation Data

本稿では、アメリカUSPTOに登録された各国の特許情報に基づき、日本を始め、アメリカ、ヨーロッパおよびアジア諸国における情報技術に関するイノベーションの国際比較を行った。得られた結果は以下のように要約できる。特許の登録件数では、アメリカ、日本、EU15カ国の順に多いが、最近では、アジア各国の成長が著しい。特許一件当たりの引用回数により特許の質を見ると、アメリカの被引用件数が最も多く、日本とEUがこれに次ぎ、アジア諸国の引用される回数は少ない。技術スピルオーバーについては、アメリカとアジアは、他国よりイノベーションの成果を吸収しているのに対し、日本とEUは逆に他国にイノベーションの成果を流出させているといえる