Lysosomal Acid Lipase Hydrolyzes Retinyl Ester and Affects Retinoid Turnover

Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is essential for the clearance of endocytosed cholesteryl ester and triglyceride-rich chylomicron remnants. Humans and mice with defective or absent LAL activity accumulate large amounts of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in multiple tissues. Although chylomicrons also contain retinyl esters (REs), a role of LAL in the clearance of endocytosed REs has not been reported. In this study, we found that murine LAL exhibits RE hydrolase activity. Pharmacological inhibition of LAL in the human hepatocyte cell line HepG2, incubated with chylomicrons, led to increased accumulation of REs in endosomal/lysosomal fractions. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of LAL in murine liver largely reduced in vitro acid RE hydrolase activity. Interestingly, LAL-deficient mice exhibited increased RE content in the duodenum and jejunum but decreased RE content in the liver. Furthermore, LAL-deficient mice challenged with RE gavage exhibited largely reduced post-prandial circulating RE content, indicating that LAL is required for efficient nutritional vitamin A availability. In summary, our results indicate that LAL is the major acid RE hydrolase and required for functional retinoid homeostasis

Reviewing the essential roles of remote phenotyping, GWAS and explainable AI in practical marker-assisted selection for drought-tolerant winter wheat breeding

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) plays a crucial role in crop breeding improving the speed and precision of conventional breeding programmes by quickly and reliably identifying and selecting plants with desired traits. However, the efficacy of MAS depends on several prerequisites, with precise phenotyping being a key aspect of any plant breeding programme. Recent advancements in high-throughput remote phenotyping, facilitated by unmanned aerial vehicles coupled to machine learning, offer a non-destructive and efficient alternative to traditional, time-consuming, and labour-intensive methods. Furthermore, MAS relies on knowledge of marker-trait associations, commonly obtained through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), to understand complex traits such as drought tolerance, including yield components and phenology. However, GWAS has limitations that artificial intelligence (AI) has been shown to partially overcome. Additionally, AI and its explainable variants, which ensure transparency and interpretability, are increasingly being used as recognised problem-solving tools throughout the breeding process. Given these rapid technological advancements, this review provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods and processes underlying each MAS, from phenotyping, genotyping and association analyses to the integration of explainable AI along the entire workflow. In this context, we specifically address the challenges and importance of breeding winter wheat for greater drought tolerance with stable yields, as regional droughts during critical developmental stages pose a threat to winter wheat production. Finally, we explore the transition from scientific progress to practical implementation and discuss ways to bridge the gap between cutting-edge developments and breeders, expediting MAS-based winter wheat breeding for drought tolerance

Simulation of a Magnetocaloric Heat Pump in Building Technology

Science.Research.Pannonia. 16Increased quality of building envelopes in the last decades leads to decreased heating demands of new buildings and therefore heating devices with lower heating powers are needed. !ere is a lack of suitable solutions in the heating market in the small power range, which can cover small heating loads decentral without distribution losses. In the presented study, the potential of magnetocaloric heating is investigated. Apart from the advantage that no climate-relevant gases are used compared to commonly used compression heat pumps, this technology is suitable for covering low heating requirements. A cornerstone of the investigation is the development of a programme for simulating the behaviour of a building-integrated magnetocaloric heat pump. Target is to determine the effect of the change in basic properties such as the nature of the magnetocaloric material, the magnetic flux density, the working frequency, etc., but also to determine the influence of building parameters on the overall efficiency of the heating system.Forschung Burgenlan

Überblick des aktuellen Forschungsstandes von alternativen Wärmepumpentechnologien

Science.Research.Pannonia. 17Forschung BurgenlandEnergie-Umweltmanagemen

Analysis of Thermoelectric Heat Pumps for Applications in Buildings

Forschung Burgenlan

Experimental Analysis of a Thermoelectric Water-to-Water Heat Pump

Forschung Burgenlan

PELTIER HEAT PUMP- Test methods and results of thermoelectric modules

Forschung Burgenlan

Thermoelektrische Wärmepumpe - Messmethoden zur Bestimmung der thermoelektrischen Gürezahl anhand von marktreifen Modulen

Energie-Umweltmanagemen