Europeanisering van vermogensrecht. Een verslag van de jaarvergadering van de Vereniging voor Burgerlijk Recht d.d. 14 december 2010

Op 14 december 2010 vond de jaarvergadering van de Vereniging voor Burgerlijk Recht plaats met als onderwerp: ‘Europeanisering van vermogensrecht’. Het deel van het preadvies van prof. mr. A.L.M. Keirse (Universiteit Utrecht) gaat over de europeanisering van verbintenissenrecht en het deel van prof. mr. P.M. Veder (Universiteit Utrecht) over europeanisering van zekerheid op roerende zaken. Op deze plaats doen wij verslag van deze vergadering, die werd voorgezeten door voorzitter prof. mr. W.H. van Boom (Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam)

Fabrication and Electro-optic Properties of MWCNT Driven Novel Electroluminescent Lamp

We present a novel, cost-effective and facile technique, wherein multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) were used to transform a photoluminescent material to exhibit stable and efficient electroluminescence (EL) at low-voltages. As a case study, a commercially available ZnS:Cu phosphor (P-22G) was combined with a very low concentration of CNTs dispersed in ethanol and its alternating current driven electroluminescence (AC-EL) is demonstrated. The role of CNTs has been understood as a local electric field enhancer and facilitator in the hot carrier injection inside the ZnS crystal to produce EL in the hybrid material. The mechanism of EL is discussed using an internal field emission model, intra-CNT impact excitation and the recombination of electrons and holes through the impurity states.Comment: 9 Figure

Toward a conceptual framework of the acceptability of tuberculosis treatment in children using a theory generative approach

To describe an early-stage holistic framework towards evaluating factors that impact the overall acceptability of TB treatment along the TB care cascade in children. We developed a conceptual framework utilising a theory generative approach. Domains were developed through review of existing definitions and analysis of existing qualitative data undertaken in acceptability studies of TB treatment in children. Clarity of domain definitions was achieved through iterative refinement among the research team. Three domains, each comprising several dimensions, were identified to holistically evaluate treatment acceptability: (1) usability, which involves the alignment between the requirements of treatment use and caregivers’ and children’s ability to integrate TB treatment into their everyday routines, (2) receptivity, which describes the end-user’s perception and expectations of treatment and its actual use, and (3) integration, which describes the relationship between available health services and caregivers/children’s capacity to make use of those services. Our framework addresses the gaps in current research which do not account for the influence of caregivers’ and children’s contexts on TB treatment uptake and overall acceptability. This approach may support the development of more standard, holistic measures to improve TB treatment delivery and experiences and future research in children

A.C.Electroluminescent Lamps: Shedding some light on their mysteries

A.C.powder electroluminescent lamps have been known and used for many years, but their mechanism of operation is still debated. Many thousands of phosphors are known, but the vast majority are not electroluminescent. A number of materials do exhibit the effect. Of these, however, ZnS doped with Cu is absolutely in a class of its own, and is the only material from which viable lamps can be made. In this work studies have been made of the performance of devices under a range of pulsed and continuous excitation conditions and new hypotheses presented which attempt to explain the behavior of this unique material

Common mouse models of tauopathy reflect early but not late human disease

BACKGROUND: Mouse models that overexpress human mutant Tau (P301S and P301L) are commonly used in preclinical studies of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and while several drugs showed therapeutic effects in these mice, they were ineffective in humans. This leads to the question to which extent the murine models reflect human Tau pathology on the molecular level. METHODS: We isolated insoluble, aggregated Tau species from two common AD mouse models during different stages of disease and characterized the modification landscape of the aggregated Tau using targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry-based proteomics. The results were compared to human AD and to human patients that suffered from early onset dementia and that carry the P301L Tau mutation. RESULTS: Both mouse models accumulate insoluble Tau species during disease. The Tau aggregation is driven by progressive phosphorylation within the proline rich domain and the C-terminus of the protein. This is reflective of early disease stages of human AD and of the pathology of dementia patients carrying the P301L Tau mutation. However, Tau ubiquitination and acetylation, which are important to late-stage human AD are not represented in the mouse models. CONCLUSION: AD mouse models that overexpress human Tau using risk mutations are a suitable tool for testing drug candidates that aim to intervene in the early formation of insoluble Tau species promoted by increased phosphorylation of Tau. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-023-00601-y

Activated PI3Kδ syndrome, an immunodeficiency disorder, leads to sensorimotor deficits recapitulated in a murine model.

The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) family plays a major role in cell signaling and is predominant in leukocytes. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the PIK3CD gene lead to the development of activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS), a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. A subset of APDS patients also displays neurodevelopmental delay symptoms, suggesting a potential role of PIK3CD in cognitive and behavioural function. However, the extent and nature of the neurodevelopmental deficits has not been previously quantified. Here, we assessed the cognitive functions of two APDS patients, and investigated the causal role of the PIK3CD GOF mutation in neurological deficits using a murine model of this disease. We used p110δE1020K knock-in mice, harbouring the most common APDS mutation in patients. We found that APDS patients present with visuomotor deficits, exacerbated by autism spectrum disorder comorbidity, whereas p110δE1020K mice exhibited impairments in motor behaviour, learning and repetitive behaviour patterning. Our data indicate that PIK3CD GOF mutations increase the risk for neurodevelopmental deficits, supporting previous findings on the interplay between the nervous and the immune system. Further, our results validate the knock-in mouse model, and offer an objective assessment tool for patients that could be incorporated in diagnosis and in the evaluation of treatments

Pharmacokinetics of first-line drugs in children with tuberculosis using WHO-recommended weight band doses and formulations

Background: Dispersible paediatric fixed dose combination (FDCs) tablets delivering higher doses of first-line antituberculosis drugs in WHO-recommended weight-bands were introduced in 2015. We report the first pharmacokinetic data for these FDCs in Zambian and South African children in the treatment-shortening SHINE trial. // Methods: Children weighing 4.0-7.9 kg, 8.0-11.9 kg, 12.0-15.9 kg and 16.0-24.9 kg had 1, 2, 3 and 4 tablets daily (rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide 75/50/150 mg, with or without 100 mg ethambutol, or rifampicin/isoniazid 75/50 mg), respectively. Children 25.0-36.9 kg received doses recommended for adults <37kg (300, 150, 800, 550 mg daily for rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol). Pharmacokinetics were evaluated after at least 2 weeks of treatment. // Results: Of 77 children evaluated, median (IQR) age was 3.7 (1.4-6.6) years, 40 (52%) were male and 20 (26%) HIV-positive. AUC24 for rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol were 32.5 (20.1-45.1), 16.7 (9.2 - 25.9), 317 (263 - 399) and 9.5 (7.5 – 11.5) mg.h/L, respectively, and lower in children compared to adults for rifampicin in 4.0-7.9 kg, 8-11.9kg and ≥25kg weight-bands, isoniazid in 4.0-7.9kg and ≥25kg, and ethambutol in all five weight-bands. Pyrazinamide exposures were similar to adults. // Conclusions: Recommended weight-band based FDC doses result in lower drug exposures in children in lower weight-bands and in those ≥25kg (on adult doses). Further adjustments to current doses are needed to match current target exposures in adults. The use of ethambutol at the current WHO-recommended doses requires further evaluation