Zingerone alleviates the delayed ventricular repolarization and AV conduction in diabetes: Effect on cardiac fibrosis and inflammation - Fig 1

<p>The impact of 20 mg/kg zingerone orally administered every day on cardiac ECG parameters QT (A), QTc (B), PR interval (C) and P-duration (D) in rats with diabetes (D) induced with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin and in control rats. (E) are representative cardiac ECG recordings. Expression of values takes the form of mean ± SD for N = 6–8 rats. According to the one-way ANOVA and Newman Keuls’ post-hoc test, by comparison to the control group value and D group value, *P<0.05 and ^#P<0.05, respectively.</p

The impact of 20 mg/kg zingerone (Z) orally administered every day on collagen deposition in heart longitudinal (LS) and transverse (TS) sections stained with Masson Trichrome of rats with diabetes (D) induced with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin and in control (C) rats.

<p>Collagen fibres are stained blue. The solid arrows indicate degenerated cardiac muscle fibers, hollow stars indicate patches of fibrous tissue.</p

The impact of 20 mg/kg zingerone orally administered every day on urine 8-isoprostane level and serum uric acid level in rats with diabetes (D) induced with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin and in control rats.

<p>Expression of values takes the form of mean ± SD for N = 6–8 rats. According to the one-way ANOVA and Newman Keuls’ post-hoc test, by comparison to the control group value and D group value, *P<0.05 and ^#P<0.05, respectively.</p

2,3-Seco-2,3-dioxo-lyngbyatoxin A from a Red Sea strain of the marine cyanobacterium <i>Moorea producens</i>

<div><p>Chemical investigation of the organic extract of a Red Sea strain of the cyanobacterium <i>Moorea producens</i> has afforded 2,3-seco-2,3-dioxo-lyngbyatoxin A (<b>1</b>). Five known compounds including lyngbyatoxin A (<b>2</b>), majusculamides A and B (<b>3</b> and <b>4</b>), aplysiatoxin (<b>5</b>) and debromoaplysiatoxin (<b>6</b>) were also isolated. Their structures were elucidated by using HR-FAB-MS, 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against HeLa cancer cells. Lyngbyatoxin A (<b>2</b>) showed potent activity, with an IC₅₀ of 9.2 nM, while <b>5</b> and <b>6</b> displayed modest activity with IC₅₀ values of 13.3 and 3.03 μM, respectively. In contrast, compounds <b>1</b>, <b>3</b> and <b>4</b> were inactive, with IC₅₀ values greater than 50 μM. The lack of cytotoxicity for 2,3-seco-2,3-dioxo-lyngbyatoxin A (<b>1</b>) demonstrates that the indole moiety in lyngbyatoxin (<b>2</b>) is essential for its cytotoxicity, and suggests that detoxification of <b>2</b> may be carried out by biological oxidation of the indole moiety to yield <b>1</b>.</p></div