Native and Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells Stimulate Liver Regeneration in Rats After Partial Hepatectomy and 2-Acetylaminofluorene Injection

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.One the current challenges of modern hepatology is to find new approaches to stimulate liver regeneration and to find new methods for liver disease treatment. Cell therapies, which are based on using regional stem cells for disease treatment, are under active development. However, studies, devoted to their transplantation, are currently scarce. In recent years, hepatic stellate cells are considered to be hepatic stem cells. It is known that activated hepatic stellate cells can transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and lead to liver fibrosis. The aim of our work was to study the influence of native and activated hepatic stellate cells in vivo by lead nitrate injection after transplantation into partial hepatectomized rats, which is considered to be a classical model to study liver regeneration. Injection of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), which selectively eliminates hepatocyte proliferation, was used to understand the hepatic stellate cells role in liver regeneration process better. Our results suggest that transplanted native and activated hepatic stellate cells can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells and positively influence liver regeneration without inducing liver fibrosis

Варианты создания гетеротопических и ортотопических PDX-моделей колоректального рака человека

Aim. To create heterotopic and orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of colorectal cancer (CRC) by transplantation of patient’s tumor samples into immunodeficient BALB / c Nude mice.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 15 female BALB / c Nude mice aged 6–8 weeks weighing 21–25 g. All animals underwent transplantation of the tumor material obtained from CRC patients into the following sites: heterotopic transplantation (under the skin of the thigh and into the omentum), orthotopic transplantation (into the descending and ascending colon and into the cecum). Weight and general condition of the animals and the size of the tumor nodule had been monitored for 80 days. The success of each model was assessed by the degree of engraftment, the dynamics of tumor growth, and the reproducibility of histopathologic characteristics. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation.Results. 100% survival of the animals and similar tumor growth dynamics in the xenograft models were observed throughout the experiment. The analysis of histologic specimens obtained from the xenografts and patient’s tumor showed their correspondence to moderately differentiated intestinal adenocarcinoma. The main advantages and disadvantages of different variants of PDX models were described.Conclusion. Heterotopic and orthotopic PDX models reproduce the morpho-histologic characteristics of human tumors and demonstrate stable growth dynamics. Therefore, they are a suitable tool for the development, testing, and validation of potential anticancer drugs.Цель. Создание гетеротопических и ортотопических моделей ксенографтов колоректального рака (КРР), полученных от пациентов (Patient-derived xenograft, PDX-модель), путем трансплантации образцов опухоли пациента иммунодефицитным мышам линии Balb/c nude.Материалы и методы. Проведено исследование на 15 самках мышей линии Balb/c nude, возраст 6–8 нед, масса тела 21–25 г. Всем животным проведена трансплантация опухолевого материала, взятого от пациентов с КРР, в следующие сайты: гетеротопические (под кожу бедра, в сальник); ортотопические (в нисходящий и восходящий отделы толстой кишки, в слепую кишку). В течение 80 сут у животных контролировали следующие параметры: массу тела, общее состояние, объем опухолевого узла. Успешность каждой из моделей оценивали по степени приживления, динамике опухолевого роста и воспроизводимости гистопатологических характеристик. По завершению эксперимента животным выполнена эвтаназия методом цервикальной дислокации.Результаты. На протяжении всего эксперимента наблюдалась 100%-я выживаемость животных и схожая динамика роста ксенографтов. Анализ гистологических препаратов ксенографтов и опухоли пациентов показал их соответствие умеренно дифференцированной аденокарциноме кишки. Описаны основные преимущества и недостатки создания различных вариантов PDX-моделей.Заключение. Гетеротопические и ортотопические PDX-модели воспроизводят морфогистологические признаки человеческой опухоли и обладают устойчивой динамикой роста, следовательно, являются подходящим инструментом для разработки, тестирования и валидации потенциальных лекарственных препаратов против рака

Peculiar Aspects of Epidemiological Situation on Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2011

Outlined is the analysis of epidemiological and epizootiological situation on Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) in the south of the Russian Federation in 2011. Discussed are the causes of nosocomial outbreak of CHF at the Salsk district central hospital, the Rostov Region. Prognostication on CHF situation for 2012 is made based on the epizootiological monitoring

Study of the effect of narrow-leaved cypress extract on the properties of baking yeast

This article presents the results of the study of the beneficial properties of narrow-leaved rosebay willowherb (Chamerion angusti folium (L.) Holub) (the contents of vitamins, minerals and other substances which positively affect the human body). The process of extraction of a narrow-leaved spray from a dry plant raw material with an aqueous solution was looked at. The investigation of the concentration of narrow-leaved rosebay willowherb in an aqueous solution using a refractometer revealed that a 20 min. infusion shows the constant growth of dry matter in the extract. However after the 20 min. period the concentration of solids stays constant. Therefore, the optimum infusion time was set to 20 min. As a result of the study, the accelerated method of lifting the pressed yeast using an aqueous solution and a lemon grass extract revealed that, with the addition of the plant additive, the lifting power of the yeast decreased by 10.5%.This indicates that the products of narrow-leaved rosebay willowherb favorably affect yeast cells. Yeast suspensions from water and yeast and aqueous extract of narrow-leaved rosebay willowherb and yeast spray have been studied. After 60 min. of thermostating and further microscope study, with the determination of the concentration of yeast cells with the help of Goryaev's chamber, allowed to establish that the concentration of yeast cells in suspension with the extract of narrow-leaved rosebay willowherb exceeds the concentration in the control suspension by almost 1.5 times. This phenomenon is caused by the stimulating effect of the individual components that make up the narrow-leaved rosebay willowherb (sugars, vitamins, minerals and other components), which are an additional source of energy. It is proposed to use the spray extract of the narrow-leaved rosebay willowherb as a raw material in the preparation of bakery products for preventive purposes

Sensory and physic-chemical properties of wheat bread prepared with apple pomace

The influence of secondary apple raw materials (frozen apple pomace) on organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of wheat bread has been studied. The traditional recipe of wheat bread was taken as a basis. In this recipe for the sample of bread No. 1, a part of the premium wheat flour was replaced with 25% rice flour and 10% frozen apple pomace. In the sample of bread No. 2, a part of the premium wheat flour was replaced with 12.5% rice flour and 10% fresh frozen apple pomace. For the organoleptic assessment, a five-point scale for assessing the quality of bread was developed, in which the maximum number of points up to5 was assigned to each indicator. According to the results of the study of the organoleptic indicators of the quality of the developed samples of bread using a point scale, it was found that they exceeded the control sample. The best was the sample with fresh frozen apple pomace10% and rice flour in the amount of 12.5%. In terms of physical and chemical indicators, the developed samples of wheat bread enriched with apple raw materials meet the regulatory requirements