Udder And Teat Traits As Possible Selection Markers For Milk Yield In Local Goats Of Nigeria

This study was carried out at the Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria (October, 2003 – May, 2006) to investigate the effects of some factors (breed, stage of gestation, body condition score and stage of lactation) on udder and teat traits with their relationships with partial daily milk yield (PDM) in goats. The goat breeds studied were Red Sokoto, Sahel and West African Dwarf. The traits studied included udder circumference (UC), udder length (UL), teat length (TL), teat height to ground (THG) and teat circumference (TC). The results showed that during pregnancy these traits were significantly (

Quality characteristics of wheat noodles fortified with spent Shika Brown hen meat powder

Meat from Shika Brown® spent hens was used to fortify wheat noodles. Spent hen has a problem of disposal in the fast-food industry due to its inherent tough meat while on the other hand wheat noodles lack quality proteins. Ten (10) spent hens (1.5 years old) were processed to powder in two forms; breast part and leg part and were added into wheat flour in noodles formulation for protein enrichment. The chicken meat powder levels were 10% for 60% wheat flour, 12.5% for 57.5% wheat flour and 15% for 55% wheat flour with 29% of water and 1% of salt. The proximate composition of spent hen chicken meat noodle was determined during the storage periods. Dry matter content in treatment without spent hen chicken meat powder (SHCMP) had the highest value of 94.78% as compared to treatments with 10%, 12.5%, 15% SHCMP (93.50%, 93.24%, 93.99%). Increase in protein content of noodle was observed with increased inclusion levels of SHCMP and declined along with storage period. The breast part had higher crude protein content (22.37%) than leg parts (19.47%). The ether extract content of noodle at 40 days of storage differed significantly (P<0.05) within the inclusion levels and chicken parts. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the ash content of noodles at 20 days of storage within inclusion levels and chicken parts. It can be concluded that the addition of 10% spent hen chicken meat powder in wheat noodles enhances its nutritive value thereby facilitating growth especially of children in poor nations

Influence of sensory attributes and storage media on quality of meat floss ‘‘dambun nama’’ processed from white meat

This study investigated the effects of storage period (≤ 5 weeks) and packaging media (glassware and stainless steel containers) on the quality of dambun nama processed from white meat (mature local chicken, duck, guinea fowl, turkey and fish). The results showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences among the white meat type with respect to taste, appearance, tenderness, colour and acceptability. The results also revealed that flavour and aroma did not differ significantly across the meat types. There were many significant and positive correlations among the attributes studied. For instance, correlations between appearance vs colour (r = 0.66) (P<0.05) while the least correlation was between tenderness vs acceptability (r = 0.24) (P<0.05). However, the results also revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in the storage of dambun nama from the white meat studied. The quality of the product deteriorated with the increase in storage period. Dambun nama stored at lower weeks (1st and 2nd weeks) were better than those kept at 4th and 5 th week. However, dambun nama processed from guinea fowl and turkey meat deteriorated faster than the other types of white meat (fish, local chicken and duck) in terms of the total fungal and bacterial counts. However, at 5th week of storage dambun nama from duck meat had the lowest total microbes of 16.5 x 104cfu/g and followed by local chicken with 18.0 x 104cfu/g. There were also significant (P<0.05) differences in the storability of the two media; with stainless steel container having the lowest counts in terms of both the fungal and bacterial counts than glassware medium. The study suggests that variation existed in the shelf-life of dambun nama processed using the different white meat. Storage of dambum nama in stainless steel containers prolonged the shelf-life longer than glassware containers. It is also suggested that most panellists showed preference towards dambun nama from turkey and local chicken meat. However, the less preferred white meat can be greatly improved through artificial manipulation of the sensory attributes that have strong relationships. Key words: White meat, Dambun nama, Sensory attributes, Storage medi

Evaluation of some factors influencing growth performance of local goats in Nigeria

This study was conducted at the Research Farm of the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria to investigate some factors (breed, season, parity, sex, litter size and body condition score) affecting kids' growth performance at various ages. The daily weight gain (overall) of kids reveals non-significant breed effect whereas season, parity, sex, litter size and body condition score had significant (

Preference for goat meat and milk products consumption in Bauchi state, Nigeria

This study assessed the consumers' preference towards goat meat and milk products consumption in Bauchi State of Nigeria. Data were collected from 1078 respondents randomly sampled from 100 settlements in the 20 Local Government Areas of the state. The data collected were analyzed using chi-square and simple percentage and mean. The results of the study revealed significant (

Comparative study of goat production and management in Bauchi State, Nigeria

No Abstract.International Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Systems Vol. 1 (4) 2007: pp. 310-31

Characterization of Smallholder Sheep and Goat Farming in Bauchi, Northeastern Nigeria

The study was conducted to investigate and describe the smallholder sheep and goat production in Bauchi. Data collated was subjected to simple descriptive statistics. The results showed that majority (61.25%) of the farmers were males, and mainly adults (85.00%) attaining the age of twenty five years or more. About 57.00% of the farmers sourced their foundation stock through purchase while others obtained them through inheritance (7.20%), gift (13.60%) and other sources (27.20%). Farmers kept more sheep (58.75%) than goats (41.25%). The results also revealed that the extensive/ free-range (53.75%) was the predominate system of rearing sheep and goats. This was followed by those who practised the semi-intensive system (30.00%). The rest (16.25%) being for the farmers who used the improved production system. Farmers used various shelter conditions for keeping their animals; concrete house (21.25%), mud (23.75%), pen/tethering (35.00%) and no provision of housing (20.00%). However, majority of the farmers (65.00%) breed their animals through uncontrolled natural breeding method, while others relied on the natural controlled breeding method. There was no single farmer that was practising the artificial means of breeding. Most animals (52.23%) had poor body condition score (BCS 1 & 2), 39.03% average, 8.38% and 0.36% fat and obese respectively. Only about 30.0% of the farmers had all-year round feed and water supply to the animals and the rest complained of scarcity of either feed or water at point in time. There was a large number (63.75%) of farmers who give feed supplements, and a lot of farmers (51.25%) have no veterinary services in the business of keeping sheep and goats. The results showed that the major ectoparasites in the area were ticks, fleas and lice with incidence rates of 46.52, 19.79 and 10.34%, respectively. About 23.35% of the animals were free from these parasites. Disease occurrence showed that enteritis, foot rot, fracture/ dislocation, helmenthosis, mange/scabies, nutritional disorder, PPR, pneumonia and others having incidence rates of 8.39, 13.55, 3.87, 25.80, 5.16, 7.10, 20.65, 5.80 and 9.68%, respectively. These diseases occurred mainly (49.68%) in both dry and wet seasons. Others occur only in the dry (20.00%) or wet (30.32%) seasons. The average amount spent annually on diseases was generally less than ₦500 per animal.  The study showed that animals under small – holder farming are exposed to numerous hazards, characterized by poor housing and nutrition, high incidence of diseases, poor breeding methods, among others. It is, therefore, suggested that great improvement in the husbandry of these animals should be realized if these constraints are successfully removed to enhance their productivity

Prevalence of peste des pestits ruminant (PPR) and helminthiasis in sheep and goats in Bauchi, Nigeria

No Abstract Bull Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. (2005) 53(2), 131-13

Milk composition of Yankasa sheep raised under small-holder husbandry system in Zaria, Nigeria

This study was conducted to investigate milk compositional parameters in Yankasa sheep raised under small-holder husbandry system in Zaria, Nigeria. A total of eighty lactating ewes were used and classified on the basis of age, body condition score (BCS), parity and season. The results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in milk compositional parameters with  respect to total solid, lactose, crude protein (CP) and fat contents pH and ash contents were influenced by BCS of the ewes  studied. Age of ewes significantly (P<0.05) affected all the milk composition parameters investigated. However, parity effect showed significant differences (P<0.05) in terms of total solid, lactose, CP, fat pH and ash contents of ewes milked. The results  also shows seasonal significant (p<0.05) effects on milk composition with respect to four parameters (lactose, CP, fat and ash   contents). Total solid and pH content of ewe milked did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in the two seasons (wet and dry). There   were many significant (P<0.05) and positive correlations among the milk composition parameters. For instance BCS vs season, fat vs CP and pH vs parity, CP vs BCS, BCS vs fat; values being r= 0.31, 0.76, 0.31, 0.27, 0.82 (P<0.05), respectively. This   study on milk composition of ewes showed great variability in the values of the milk composition investigated and attributed it to the differences in the feeding and management of these animals. It is therefore suggested that enhanced management in terms of feeding and housing be given to these ewes in order to achieve the purpose to which they are kept.Key Words: Yankasa; ewes; milk composition; small-holde

Organoleptic properties and quality of yoghurt produced from goat milk

Goat milk samples were collected from the Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Uinversity, Bauchi, Nigeria were used in investigating the shelf life of fresh and pasteurized milk as well as organoleptic properties of four yoghurt samples produced from them. Sensory evaluation was done on the yoghurt produced from the goat milk using different flavors and included vanilla flavored goat milk yoghurt (VFGMY), straw berry flavored goat milk yoghurt (SFGMY), pineapple flavored goat milk yoghurt (PFGMY) and unflavored goat milk yoghurt (UFGMY). The fresh and pasteurized milk stored at 5 0C for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours had microbial load of 2.5 x 10 2vs 0.0, 2.8 x 10 3 vs 40.0, 3.2 x 10 3 vs x 90.0 and 4.5 x 10 3 vs 2.3 x 10 2 cfu /ml respectively. The microbial loads of those stored at 35 0C for the same periods were 2.5 x 10 2 vs 0.0, 3.6 x 10 3 vs 80.0, 5.0 x 10 3 vs 2.7 x 10 2 and 6.9 x 10 3 vs 4.3 x 10 2 cfu /ml respectively. The results also revealed that VFGMY, SFGMY and PFGMY were significantly inferior in quality to UFGMY with respect to appearance (