Establishment and Application of a Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony Remote Network Platform for ICU Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Study

Background: In the process of mechanical ventilation, the problem of patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is faced. This study proposes a self-developed remote mechanical ventilation visualization network system to solve the PVA problem. Method: The algorithm model proposed in this study builds a remote network platform and achieves good results in the identification of ineffective triggering and double triggering abnormalities in mechanical ventilation. Result: The algorithm has a sensitivity recognition rate of 79.89% and a specificity of 94.37%. The sensitivity recognition rate of the trigger anomaly algorithm was as high as 67.17%, and the specificity was 99.92%. Conclusions: The asynchrony index was defined to monitor the patient’s PVA. The system analyzes real-time transmission of respiratory data, identifies double triggering, ineffective triggering, and other anomalies through the constructed algorithm model, and outputs abnormal alarms, data analysis reports, and data visualizations to assist or guide physicians in handling abnormalities, which is expected to improve patients’ breathing conditions and prognosis

UCC-normalized patterns for major and trace elements of the Harbin loess and paleosols. Geochemistry of loess deposits in northeastern China: constraint on provenance and implication for disappearance of the large Songliao palaeolake

Supplementary Fig. 1 The UCC-normalized patterns for major and trace elements of the Harbin loess and paleosols, in comparison with the potential sources. UCC values are from Taylor and McLennan (1985)

Provenance discrimination diagrams integrating immobile trace elements and REE for the Harbin loess and paleosols. Geochemistry of loess deposits in northeastern China: constraint on provenance and implication for disappearance of the large Songliao palaeolake

Supplementary Fig. 3: Provenance discrimination diagrams integrating immobile trace elements and REE for the Harbin loess and paleosols. Note that the Harbin dust samples fall within the field of the Songnen Sandy Land and the Horqin Sandy Land but far outside the field of the Hulun Buir Sandy Land, revealing a geochemical affinity of the Harbin aeolian loess with the the Songnen Sandy Land and Horqin Sandy Land

Sketch map of the Songliao paleolake and Basin. Geochemistry of loess deposits in northeastern China: constraint on provenance and implication for disappearance of the large Songliao palaeolake

Supplementary Fig. 7 Sketch map of the Songliao paleolake and Basin, illustrating distribution and evolution of the large Songliao paleolake in the Quaternary (modified from Yang <i>et al.</i>, 1983; Sun, 1990; Qiu <i>et al.</i>, 2012)

Provenance discrimination diagrams used to identify whether mixed sources exist. Geochemistry of loess deposits in northeastern China: constraint on provenance and implication for disappearance of the large Songliao palaeolake

Supplementary Fig. 6 Provenance discrimination diagrams used to identify whether mixed sources exist. Trend lines on scattergrams are mass gain-mass loss paths extending from the origin. Note that the geochemical compositions for the Harbin aeolian loess locate between average compositions of the Horqin Sandy Land and the Songnen Sandy Land, indicating mixture of these two sandy lands

Provenance discrimination diagrams incorporating REE parameters for the Harbin loess and paleosols. Geochemistry of loess deposits in northeastern China: constraint on provenance and implication for disappearance of the large Songliao palaeolake

Supplementary Fig. 4 Provenance discrimination diagrams incorporating REE parameters for the Harbin loess and paleosols. Note that the Harbin dust samples fall within or well close to the field of the Songnen Sandy Land and the Horqin Sandy Land but far outside the field of the Hulun Buir Sandy Land, which reveal that the Harbin aeolian loess sediments have a marked geochemical affinity with the Songnen Sandy Land and the Horqin Sandy Land. Subscript N represents chondrite-normalized values. Eu/Eu* refers to Eu anomaly value equal to Eu_N/(Sm_N×Gd_N)^0.5. LREE=(La+Ce+Pr+Nd+Sm+Eu); HREE=(Gd+Tb+Dy+Ho+Er+Tm+Yb+Lu); LREE'=(La+Ce+Pr+Nd); HREE'=(Er+Tm+Yb+Lu); MREE=(Sm+Eu+Gd+Tb+Dy+Ho); MREE*=2×MREE/(LREE' + HREE') Chondrite values are after Taylor and McLennan (1985)

Scattergrams illustrating the correlation of provenance tracing indicators with CIA. Geochemistry of loess deposits in northeastern China: constraint on provenance and implication for disappearance of the large Songliao palaeolake

Supplementary Fig. 2 Scattergrams illustrating the correlation of provenance tracing indicators with CIA, revealing no correlations between these indicators and CIA can be seen, with the except of between ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and CIA

Provenance discrimination diagrams integrating Nd isotopic composition with Th/Sc ratio and Eu anomaly. Geochemistry of loess deposits in northeastern China: constraint on provenance and implication for disappearance of the large Songliao palaeolake

Supplementary Fig. 5 Provenance discrimination diagrams integrating Nd isotopic composition with Th/Sc ratio and Eu anomaly, revealing a closer analogy to the Songnen Sandy Land and the Horqin Sandy Land for the Harbin aeolian loess sediments in comparison with the Hulun Buir Sandy Land

Concentrations (wt %) of major elements for the potential sources from which the Harbin aeolian loess is likely to be derived. Geochemistry of loess deposits in northeastern China: constraint on provenance and implication for disappearance of the large Songliao palaeolake

Supplementary table 1: Concentrations (wt %) of major elements for the potential sources from which the Harbin aeolian loess is likely to be derived