Polymer mixed matrix membrane with graphene oxide for humic acid performances

This study investigates the performance of polymer mixed matrix membrane integrated with graphene oxide (GO) towards humic acid application. Enhancement of antifouling property of polysulfone (PSf) polymer membrane can be done by integrating strong GO hydrophilicity towards hydrophobic PSf membrane. In this work GO additives were synthesized from graphite powder using variable stirring times. Meanwhile five different samples with different GO composition was fabricated via phase inversion techniques to investigate the effect of GO towards polymer mixed matrix membrane. Performances test was completed through the pure water permeability test, humic acid rejection test and anti-fouling analysis. Analysis of the results show that hydrophilic properties of the membrane increased with increasing of GO composition. Similar pattern also was observed for permeation, rejection and antifouling performances with increasing GO contents all these performances were also increased. However, concentration of GO also must be controlled to avoid the pore blockage due to GO particles agglomeration especially at higher GO concentration

The Effect of Water Bath Temperature during Electrochemical Deposition of Zinc Oxide

Nanostructure Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is widely applied in various fields such as optoelectronics, sensors, transducers and biomedical sciences. Nowadays, there are many methods that can be used to produce ZnO thin film such as electrochemical deposition. This method is a process of converting or forming an oxide layer on the metal surface. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of water temperature on the morphology of ZnO during the electrochemical deposition process. ZnO nanostructures obtained after electrochemical deposition process is carried out at different water temperatures and a constant current density. Electrochemical deposition process was carried out when the water temperature reached 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80oC. During the deposition process, 0.05 M/L zinc nitrate is used as a single electrolyte. The analysis conducted is divided into four categories, namely FESEM, XRD, EDX and UV-Vis. As a result, the suitable water bath temperature for forming the ZnO morphology with an electric current density of 4 mA/cm2 is at 75oC and at this temperature it has a higher value of composition mass where is 0.61 % compare with other temperature. From the UV-Vis analysis, it shows the value of band gap is 2.87 eV when the temperature of water bath was 75oC. Various studies were conducted to produce ZnO nanotubes because it provide different forms of reaction temperature at constant current densities

Polymer mixed matrix membrane with graphene oxide for humic acid performances

This study investigates the performance of polymer mixed matrix membrane integrated with graphene oxide (GO) towards humic acid application. Enhancement of antifouling property of polysulfone (PSf) polymer membrane can be done by integrating strong GO hydrophilicity towards hydrophobic PSf membrane. In this work GO additives were synthesized from graphite powder using variable stirring times. Meanwhile five different samples with different GO composition was fabricated via phase inversion techniques to investigate the effect of GO towards polymer mixed matrix membrane. Performances test was completed through the pure water permeability test, humic acid rejection test and anti-fouling analysis. Analysis of the results show that hydrophilic properties of the membrane increased with increasing of GO composition. Similar pattern also was observed for permeation, rejection and antifouling performances with increasing GO contents all these performances were also increased. However, concentration of GO also must be controlled to avoid the pore blockage due to GO particles agglomeration especially at higher GO concentration

Effect of pH on bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution to polysulfone-based membrane

In this work, polysulfone (PSf) flat sheet membrane was prepared via phase inversion technique. The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) additive on membrane performance were observed and investigated. The membrane permeation was evaluated in terms of pure water flux (PWF) and solute rejection at different pHs (pH 3, pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution was used to study the performance of the prepared membrane. Results showed that the increase of PEG concentration led to higher PWF. This is due to PEG role as a pore forming agent in casting solution. The PWF was found to increase up to 101.85 LMH at 5% PEG. However, the PWF decrease when the PEG concentration is increased up to 7% and 9%. Similarly, flux rate at different pH showed the same plot as PWF. At pH 9, the PWF is high compared to pH 3, pH 5 and pH 7. The BSA rejection data at pH 3 and pH 5 shows the high rejection compared to pH 7 and pH 9. No significant changes were observed when PEG concentration was increased. As a conclusion, the addition of PEG has improved the performance of membrane in terms of PWF at a certain percentage (with the highest was given at 5%) of PSf membrane. It is also evidenced that the % of BSA rejection increased with decreasing p

Physico-Chemical Properties of Kaolin-Organic Acid

Soil with more than 20% of organic content is classified as organic soil in Malaysia. Contents of organic soil consist of different types of organic and inorganic matter. Each type of organic matter has its own characteristic and its effect on the properties of the soil is different. Hence, a good understanding on the effect of specific organic and inorganic matter on the physico-chemical characteristic of organic soils can serve as a guide for predicting the properties of organic soils. The main objective is to unveil the effect of organic acid on the physico-chemical properties of soil. Artificial organic soil (kaolin mixed with organic acid) was utilized in order to minimize the geochemical variability of studied soil. The organic acid which consists of humic acid and fulvic acid was extracted from highly humificated plant–based compost. The effect of organic acid on the physico-chemical properties of soil was determined by varying the concentration of organic acid. The specific gravity, Atterberg limits, pH, bulk chemical composition and the functional group of kaolin-organic acid were determined. It was found that the plasticity index, specific gravity and pH value were decreased with lowered concentration of organic acid. However, the liquid limits and plastic limits were found to be increased with the concentration decrement of organic acid. The analysis of XRF on the bulk chemical composition and analysis of FTIR spectra on the functional group of artificial organic soils with different concentration have confirmed little geochemical variability between samples

Effect of graphene oxide with controlled stirring time

In this study, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) with controlled stirring time was investigated. Five different samples with different stirring time of GO were used at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 10 h. The synthesization of GO was conducted using hummers’ method by adding graphite, hydroxide sulphuric, permanganate potassium, sodium nitrate, and hydroxide phosphorus. Hydroxide phosphorus was used as main peripheral material to increase the hydrophilic properties in GO performance. Characterization was carried out via XRD, FTIR and contact angle measurement. Results show that the appearance XRD peaks at range between 1,590 cm-1 until 1,750 cm-1 with increase stirring time. However, the lowest contact angle measurement of graphene oxide with high hydrophilicity effect was obviously shown by sample 3